NCHS Secondary Three Geography Elective WA2 2023

Secondary Three Elective Geography WA2 Graded Class Quiz Name: __________________________( ) Class:_______ Date:__________ 1(a) Explain with example(s) how people acquire a sense of place. [3] 1(b) Explain the negative impacts that arise from human-nature interactions. [4] Fig.1 (c) Compare the recycling trends of paper/paperboard and metals in the USA between 1960 and 2010. [4]

Fig.2 shows the presence of parks in the midst of HDB estates. Fig.2 (d) Explain how the presence of parks as shown in Fig.2 may provide ecosystem services for a neighbourhood. [4]

Secondary Three Elective Geography WA2 Graded Class Quiz Mark Scheme 1(a) Explain with example(s) how people acquire a sense of place. [3]  People acquire a sense of place through repeated encounters with the objects and/or people in a location that allows them to recall the character and features of the place vividly creating meaning for them  An example would be scenic journeys along East Coast Parkway as a route that people go by when they return home from overseas  Another way that people acquire a sense of place would be by being present at local events or landmarks  An example would be the instance where Jurong Lake Gardens was transformed into a music arena when NParks held its concert series Rockestra thus making the experience memorable for residents who attended the event. Accept any other plausible examples 1(b) Explain the negative impacts that arise from human-nature interactions. [4]  Soil erosion may occur when people hike along non-designated trails in nature reserves resulting in soil compaction  Therefore, in the event of heavy rainfall, infiltration cannot take place effectively leading to increased surface runoff and thus soil erosion  Littering by humans worsens pollution in natural areas thus resulting in negative impacts like animals mistaking litter to be food thus causing them hurt or even death  Feeding of wildlife changes animal behaviours and habits thus fueling human- wildlife conflicts when people animals associate people with food.  When wildlife population in cities increases, people may not be aware of how to deal with them, and unintentionally provoke them leading to attacks on humans

Fig.1 (c) Compare the recycling trends of paper/paperboard and metals in the USA between 1960 and 2010. [4]  Overall there is an increasing trend observed for both paper/paperboard and metals between 1960 and 2010  Recycling for paper/paperboard increased from 18% to 63%, similarly for metals the figure increased from about 2% to 36%  Over the years, the extent of increase for metals was greater over the years where the increase was about 18x while for paper/paperboard it was only about 3x  An anomaly observed is that there is a slight dip in recycling percentage for paper/paperboard between 1960 to 1970 from 18% to 16% Fig.2 shows the presence of parks in the midst of HDB estates.

Fig.2 (d) Explain how the presence of parks as shown in Fig.2 may provide ecosystem services for a neighbourhood. [4]  There could be regulating ecosystem services, where the trees in the park regulate temperatures by lower surface and air temperatures when they provide shade for residents  Furthermore trees also regulate water flows as vegetation cover can reduce surface runoff by retaining water in the soil  There could also be cultural ecosystem services, whereby people the park is a site for social interactions to take place, thus fostering social belonging and identity.  In addition, the presence of pockets of greenery seen allows for aesthetic appreciation and opportunities for stress-relieving activities. Copyright Acknowledgements Fig.1 © https://greennature.com/recycling-statistics/ Fig.2 © https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/future-hdb-estates-be-nature-centric