SGSS 4E5N History Prelim 2023 Final

SERANGOON GARDEN SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2023 CANDIDATE NAME CLASS INDEX NUMBER HUMANITIES (HISTORY ELECTIVE) 2273/02 Secondary 4 Express/ 5 Normal (Academic) Candidates answer on the Answer Booklet. No Additional Materials are required. 22 Aug 2023 1 h 40 min 0820 - 1000 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Class, index number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A – Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B – Answer one question (both parts). Write your answers on the answer booklet provided. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d) 5 (e) 8 2/ 3(a) 8 2/ 3(b) 12 Total 50 This question paper consists of 8 printed pages and 0 blank page. [Turn over

2 Section A: Source-based Case Study (30 marks) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. Why do you think the American cartoonist drew this shortly after the Cuban Missile Crisis ? Explain your answer, using details of the source and your knowledge. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source B agree with Source C ? Explain your answer, referring to details of the source and your knowledge. [6] (c) Study Sources D and E. Having read Source E, are you surprised by Source D? Explain your answer, using details of the source s and your knowledge. [6] (d) Study Source F. How useful is Source F in telling us who should be blamed for the Cuban Missile Crisis? Explain your answer, using details of the source and your knowledge. [5 ] (e) Study all the sources. ‘America was the main aggressor in the Cuban Missile Crisis .’ How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

3 Cuban Missile Crisis BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The Cuban Missile Crisis arose from the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, when US - supported Cuban exiles hoping to instigate an uprising against Castro were defeated by Cuban armed forces. Castro then sought protection and support from Soviet Union from the Americans. On 14 October 1962, an American spy plane discovered missile launch sites in Cuba which were found to be deployed with nuclear missiles. The Soviets assured US President Kennedy the Soviet deployment in Cuba were purely defensive. However, with nuclear threats in such close proximity to the US, the Americans decided to carr y out a naval blockade of Cuba. Soviet leader Khrushchev condemned the blockade as an act of war against Cuba and ordered Soviet forces stationed in Cuba to prepare to use the missiles in case of hostilities. Which side held the greatest responsibility for bringing the world to the brink of yet another war – the US or the Soviet Union?

4 Source A: A cartoon by an American cartoonist, Harold Maples, published on 26 November 1962. It is titled: “Beware the Truce of the Russian bear!” * Truce means a temporary agreement to stop hostilities

5 Source B: Khrushchev wrote the following in his personal memoirs after the Cuban Revolution and the Bay of Pigs Invasion had just ended in April 1961. Source C: Kennedy addressing the Cubans on 22 October 1962, as he was on national television with Americans to announce the discovery of the Soviet missiles in Cuba. We welcomed Castro’s victory, of course, but at the same time we were quite certain that the invasion was only the beginning and that the Americans would not let Cuba alone. The country was vulnerable to attack, lying only a few miles off the American coastline. There are infinite opportunities for invasion, especially if the invader has naval artillery and air support. The problem of how to defend Cuba was constantly on my mind... one thought kept hammering away at my brain: what would happen if we lost Cuba? It would have been a terrible blow to Marxism -Leninism. It would gravely diminish our statute throughout the world, especially in Latin America. I speak to you as a friend, as one who knows of your deep attachment to your fatherland, as one who shares your aspirations for liberty and justice for all. And the American people have watched with deep sorrow how your nationalist revolution was betrayed — and how your fatherland fell under foreign domination. Now your leaders are no longer Cuban leaders inspired by Cuban ideals. They are puppets and agents of an international conspiracy which has turned Cuba against your friends and neighbo urs in the Americas — and turned it into the first Latin American country to become a target for nuclear war -the first Latin American country to have these weapons on its soil. These new weapons are not in your interest. They contribute nothing to your peace and well-being. They can only undermine it.

6 Source D: A British cartoon published in ‘Punch’, a weekly British magazine of humour and satire . The cartoon was titled ‘Over the Garden Wall’ on 17 October 1962 . US President Kennedy is on the left, while Soviet leader Khrushchev is on the right. * Pruning means cutting off branches of a plant Hints on Pruning Hints on Pruning

7 Source E: Letter from Khrushchev to Kennedy on 26 October 1962, proposing for a negotiation using Turkey. Source F: A historian’s evaluation of Soviet intentions in the Cuban Missile Crisis, published in 1997. * Dacha refers to a holiday house or cottage in Russian. Khrushchev acknowledged that he had the Soviet Union’s strategic inferiority in mind when he made the decision to deploy missiles in Cuba, saying “our missiles would have equalized what the West likes to call the balance of power”… His associates remember his strong complaints about the Jupiters in Turkey. As he often vacationed in the Black Sea, Khrushchev would ask visitors after handing them binoculars: “What do you see?” “Nothing,” they would reply, puzzled. He would then seize the binoculars, survey the horizon, and make his point: “I see US missiles in Turkey, aimed at my *dacha”. You are worried over Cuba. Y ou say that that it worries you because it lies at a distance of ninety miles across the sea from the shores of the United States. However, Turkey lies next to us. Our troops are pacing up and down and watching each other. Do you believe that you have the right to demand security for your country and the removal of such weapons that you qualify as offensive, while not recognizing this right for us? You have stationed devastating rocket weapons which you call offensive, in Turkey literally right next to us.

8 Section B: Structured-Essay Question (20 marks) Answer one question. 2 This question is on the impact of W