2023 SCGS SEC 4OLP FULL HIST PRELIM QP (with Marking Scheme)

SINGAPORE CHINESE GIRLS’ SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2023 SECONDARY FOUR O-LEVEL PROGRAMME CANDIDATE NAME CLASS REGISTER NUMBER CENTRE NUMBER INDEX NUMBER HISTORY 2174/01 Paper 1 European Dominance and Challenges (1870s-1945) Tuesday 22 August 2023 1 hour 40 minutes Additional Materials: Cover Page Writing Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer one question. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. At the end of the examination, fasten the Cover Page to all your answers and submit ALTOGETHER . This question paper consists of 7 printed pages. [Turn over

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those which you are told to use. In answering the questio ns you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. How surprised are you by this source? Explain your answer, using source details and your contextual knowledge. [5] (b) Study Source B. Why do you think Stalin delivered the speech at that time? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Sources C and D. How far does Source C prove that the historian is wrong in Source D? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Sources E and F. Is one source more useful than the other as evidence on Stalin? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. ‘Stalin emerged the winner of the power struggle because he was a political genius.’ How far do the sources support this statement? Explain your answer. [8] [Turn over

3 Why was Stalin able to win the power struggle? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. In 1917 the Bolsheviks under Lenin seized power during the November Revolution and set up a communist system of government in Russia. This did not bring about peace as the country plunged into a civil war with the Bolsheviks emerging victorious against the whites. When Lenin died, it was not clear who would take over as leader of Communist Russ ia but by 1928 Stalin had clearly emerged as the new leader. Why was Stalin able to emerge as the leader of USSR? Source A: A cartoon of a Soviet session in ‘Russia Illustrated’, a magazine published in Paris, 1926. The cartoon shows Trotsky standing on the right and Stalin in the centre. [Turn over

4 Source B: Adapted from Stalin’s speech to the Central Committee in Moscow in January 1925. The speech was entitled ‘On the Opposition: Trotskyism’. The discussion was started by Trotsky. The discussion was forced on the Party. The Party replied to Trotsky's action by making two main charges. Firstly, that Trotsky is trying to revise Leninism; secondly, that Trotsky is trying to bring about a radical change in the Party leadership. Trotsky has not said anything in his own defence about these charges made by the Party. It is hard to say why he has not said anything in his own defence. The usual explanation is that he has fallen ill and has not been able to say anything in his own defence. But that is not the Party's fault, of course. It is not the Party's fault if Trotsky begins to get a high temperature after every attack he makes upon the Party. The first thing that must be observed and taken note of is Trotsky's statement that he is willing to take any post to which the Party appoints him, that he is willing to submit to any kind of control as far as future actions on his part are concerned, and that he thinks it absolut ely necessary in the interests of our work that he should be removed from the post of Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council as speedily as possible. Source C: An extract from a speech by Stalin to the Fifteenth Party Congress, December 1927. [Turn over How did it happen that the entire party as a whole, following it the working class too, so thoroughly isolated the opposition? After all, the opposition is headed by well-known people with well- known names, people who know how to advertise themselves. It happened because the leading groups can blow thei r own trumpets . It happened because the opposition happened to be a group of petty -bourgeois intellectuals divorced fr om life, divorced from the revolution, divorced from the Party, from the working class… Why did the party expel Trotsky and Zinoviev? Because they are the organisers of the entire anti-party opposition, because they set themselves the aim of breaking the laws of the Party. They thought that nobody would dare to touch them, because they wanted to make themselves the privileged position of the nobles in the Party.

5 Source D: Adapted from a historian’s view on Trotsky. *a group of three people who work together Source E: A historian’s account on Stalin, published in 2003. [Turn over The foundation of Stalin’s power in the Party was not fear: it was charm. While incapable of true empathy on one hand, he was a master of friendships on the other. He constantly lost his temper, but when he set his mind to charming a man, he was irresistible. He did not just sociali se with the important officials: he supported junior officials too, constantly searching for tougher, more loyal, and more diligent assistants. He was always within reach: "I'm ready to help you and receive you," he often replied to requests. Many people expected Trotsky to succeed Lenin, but his glittery fame counted against him. While Lenin recovered from his stroke , Russia was ruled by the T riumvirate* which had emerged as an anti-Trotsky bloc, especially after Lenin’s death. The three met before party meetings to agree on their strategy and instruct their followers on how to vote. In December 1923, Trotsky called for more debate in the Communist Party concerning the way the country was being governed. He argued that members should exercise its right to criticism "without fear and without favour" and anyone who "dares to terrori se the party" should be expelled. Zinoviev was furious with Trotsky for making these comments and proposed that he should be immediately arrested. Stalin, aware of Trotsky’s immense popularity, opposed the move as being too dangerous.

6 Source F: Adapted from an article written by Trotsky in 1939. This article was published in an American magazine. *a department of the Soviet government before 1946 [Turn over In 1917 when Stalin became a member of the government, not only the popular masses but even the outer circles of the Party knew nothing about him. Even amon