2023 EOY - Nan Chiau High Sch ( GIEL & Tourism) - Suggested responses & QNS

EOY markscheme 1 [Nan Chiau High School – EOY] 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life 1(a) With the help of an example, describe how a sense of place can be represented. [2] ● One’s sense of place can be represented through different forms such as text, audio, graphics, still or moving images [1] ● An example would be the use of #sgmemory for Singaporeans to share photographs of their memorable experiences around Singapore [1] 1(b) Define the term sustainable development. [2] ● Sustainable development refers to development that meets the needs of the present population by achieving high standards of living for all [1] ● It also ensures the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. [1] Fig.1 shows plans by the Housing Development Board (HDB) to implement green features in neighbourhoods. Fig.1 1(c) With reference to Fig.1, suggest how the features shown contribute to environmentally sustainable neighbourhoods. [4] ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

EOY markscheme 2 ● ● The presence of solar panels enable the flats to be powered by solar energy, hence reducing the reliance on fossil fuel making it a cleaner source of energy [1] ● The use of smart LED lights ensure a more efficient use of energy as lights not in use in the estate will be automatically off/reduces the energy consumption [1] ● The use of cool coating for flats can help to lower temperatures by 1-2 degrees, reducing energy consumption [1] ● The urban water harvesting system provides a source of water for block washing and helps to reduce water consumption overall [1] ● Intensification of greenery makes the area surrounding the flats relatively cooler, reducing the need for use of electrical appliances such as fans or air-conditioners on a regular basis [1] Fig.2 shows data on the causes of residential fires in Singapore households between 2016 and 2018. Fig.2 1(d) Describe the trends observed in Fig. 2 between 2016 and 2018. [3] ● Of the causes, most see a general decline over the years from 2016 to 2018. [BIg picture] ● However, PMD saw an increase of residential fires from 31 in 2016 to 74 in 2018 [Exception] ● Also, discarded item seems to be an anomaly too where there was a slight increase in numbers from 345 to 401 in 2017 before it decreases to 296 in 2018. [Exception] ● Fires at rubbish chutes have consistently been the top cause of residential fires where the figures have been consistently over 1000 each year with the highest being 1444 [1] [Significant] Residential Fires in Singapore by Cause (2016-2018)

EOY markscheme 3 ● Though PMDs have the lowest figures compared to the other causes, there seems be a gradually increasing trend from 31 to 74 over from 2016 to 2018 [1] A group of students wanted to carry out an investigation to understand the factors that contributed to residents’ sense of identity in Seng Kang New Town. They decided to interview residents across various age group categories on a Sunday morning at the entrance of Seletar Mall located at Fernvale. Fig. 3 shows a map of Seng Kang New Town and Table 1 below shows the results of one of the survey questions. Amenities that contribute to a sense of belonging No. of respondents Seletar Mall 3 Fernvale Community Club 4 Eateries at Jalan Kayu 2 Seng Kang Riverside Park 6 Fig.3 Table 1 1(e) With reference to Table 1 and Fig.3, evaluate the reliability of the data collection method and suggest improvements that can be made to the investigation. [6] ● Stratified random or quota sampling was used as students chose to interview residents from various age groups. Since opinions may differ across different age groups, data collected will be more representative of the residents in Seng Kang New Town (+) Fernvale Anchorvale Rivervale Compassvale

EOY markscheme 4 ● The interview took place on a Sunday where most residents may not be working so the data collected may be more representative of the residents in the town (+) ● The interviews were only conducted on one day in the morning, hence it may not be reliable and therefore the data may not be representative of the different groups of people such as the working adults or students who may still be sleeping on a Sunday morning (-) ● Students can conduct the data more frequently- for example weekly over a period of one month ● The interviews were conducted in Seletar mall located in Fernvale which may possibly see more respondents from this neighbourhood as compared to further ones like Rivervale (+) ● For a more even spatial even coverage of Seng Kang, interviews can be conducted in all 4 neighbourhood in Seng Kang New Town ● The number of responses indicate that the sample size is relatively small at 15 which is insufficient for a substantially representative view (-) ● There is a need to increase the sample size to at least 50 for a more representative sample size

EOY markscheme 5 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Explain one motivation factor that has led to the growth of tourism. [4] ● With increasing pressures at work and hectic lifestyles, people’s motivation to travel to relieve stress has increased. ● Many are thus travelling as a way to rest and rejuvenate. ● A combination of push and pull factors at the tourist generating and destination regions have encouraged many to travel, ● To different destinations and to engage in different types of activities to relax, proving a different routine from their daily lives. ● eg. Many British tourists visit Phuket, Thailand, an island famous for its scenic beaches to rest and enjoy the scenic views OR ● More people increasingly consider travelling as a way for self- growth and to achieve their fullest potential. ● Travelling allows them to develop themselves further by learning something new or improving their existing knowledge and skills. ● Hence, they may choose a destination where they can pick up a new skill by learning from the locals. ● More are also participating in activities where they are being stretched physically or emotionally and therefore achieving personal growth. ● e.g. The number of tourists climbing Mount Everest has increased steadily as tourists are motivated to challenge themselves and achieve their fullest potential. OR ● More people travel to gain unique travel experiences in order to satisfy their curiosity about the world. ● They often seek places less travelled to to explore the different environments and cultures that are not widely known.

EOY markscheme 6 ● The influence of social media has raised interest in unique destinations and activities among many young travellers. ● With the vast transport networks, these remote and unique places are made more accessible now and thus has seen a rise in tourism numbers. ● e.g. Tourism numbers in Alaska have increased significantly in the last two decades. (b) Study Fig. 4, which shows a Venn diagram of the different types of tourism. Fig. 4 Using an example, compare the characteristics between adventure tourism and ecotourism. [4] ● Both tourism take place in natural areas (reserve 1m for similarity). (SITE) ● Both tourism allow tourists to enjoy scenic views and appreciate nature. ● Ecotourism focuses on environmental conservation and responsible travel while adventure tourism focuses on offering personal growth and self-fulfilment by organising challenging tourist activities. (Purpose) ● Ecotourism activities typically include wildlife observation, nature walks, bird watching, visiting protected areas, and participating in conservation projects (less risky) whereas adventure tourism activities typically include mountaineering, rock climbing, white-water ra