2023 PLMGS Sec 3EXP Geog EOY MS

ANSWERS

2 Answerallquestions. 1 SectionA:GeographyinEverydayLife–25Marks (a) StudyFig.1, whichshowstheTherapeuticGardenat Bishan-AngMoKioParkthatwaslaunchedon19September2017. Fig.1 (i) WithreferencetoFig.1,describehowgreenspacesareessentialforpeople’shealth. Provisionofrecreationspace● Greenspacesinthenatureoffernumerousopportunitiesforoutdooractivitieswherepeoplecanalsouseittohavedirectandfrequentinteractionswithnature.[1]● Thiscanprovidevarioushealthandwell-beingbenefitssuchasloweringofanxietyandregulatinggoodbloodpressure. [1]OR Removalofpollutants● Duringtheprocessofphotosynthesisplantsandvegetationabsorbscarbondioxideandotherairpollutantsandreleasesoxygen.[1]● Thiswillthusallowthelevelofpollutioninalocationtobereducedthusallowingpeopletoabsorbcleanerairtobeinhaled.[1] Acceptanyonereasonwithelaborationat2meach [2] 2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

3 (ii) Usingnamedexamples,explainhowwildlifefromnatureareascannegativelyimpactpeople. ● Duetourbanexpansion,wildlifemayventureoutofthenatureareasinsearchof foodor shelteras theirnaturalhabitatsareaffected/shrinkingduetothelandspacerequiredforurbandevelopment.[1] Examples:● Forexample,wildboarswhichroamaroundurbanneighbourhoodsinSingapore(suchasinPunggol).[1] ● Asthesewildboarsmightbeunfamiliarin urbanspaces,theymayattackhumandueto human-wildlifeencounters,causingharmontohuman’shealth(e.g.injuries,scarsetc)[1] ● ORWhenbeingprovokedbyhumansduetonotknowinghowtodealwiththesewildlife,thesewildboarsmayattackthem,causinghumanstosufferfrominjuries,thusriskupontheirhealth.[1] ● ORAtPunggolneighbourhoodwherethemacaquescauseamessatthetrashbin–lookingforfoodbutthisimpactnegativelyonpeopleastheirneighbourhood– wouldnotfeelsafeif thosemacaquesattack/ORmonkeysclimbingintotheirhomes– potentialto stealtheirbelongings[1] 1m–forexample1m-explanation Acceptanyotherplausibleanswers [2] (b) StudyFig.2AandFig.2B,whichshowsthefindingsfromasurveyconductedonSingaporeans’perceptionsabouthawkercentre. 2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

4 Fig.2A Fig.2B UsinginformationfromFig.2AandFig.2B,describehowpeoplecandevelopasenseofplaceforthehawkercentre. Point#1:Repeatedencounters–frequentgoingtoHawkercentre–increasefamiliarity. ● Repeatedencounterswithobjectsandpeopleduringourdailytravelreinforcesoursenseofplace[1] ● EvidencefromFig.2A–where82.5%respondedtheyfrequentthehawkercentreatleastonceaweek[1] Point#2:Aplaceforpeopletobuildrelationshipswithothersthroughinteractions.● Thehawkercentremayprovideanideaforsomeinteractionandtomakeconnections,thusthismaycreateasafespaceforbuildingofrelationshipsasmanycanchatoverfoodordrinks.[1] [4] 2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

5 ● Evidence:90.7%agreeorstronglyagreethathawkercentrepromoteinteractionsamongpeoplefromdifferentagegroups.[1]1describedway[1]+Evi[1]Acceptanyotherplausibleanswers. (c) StudyFig.3,whichshowsanintegratedtransporthubinYishun,Singapore. Fig.3 UsingFig.3, explaintwowayshowspatialassociationscanenhanceeverydayliving. #Firstway:Co-locationoftrainstationsandbusinterchange[1]o Convenientforresidentstotraveltofartherawaydestinationsbycombiningdifferentmodesoftravel[1]o ORProximitymaximisesthenumberofpeopletakingtrains,sustainingitsoperations[1] #Secondway:Shoppingmallneartovarioustransportoptions[1]o Increaseaccesstotheshoppingmall,whereitensuresthesustainabilityofbusinessesfoundinthemall[1] #Thirdway:Residentialareasareneartoshoppingmall/ transportation[1] o Allowresidentstopurchasetheirdailynecessities/goodsandservices promoteconvenienceastheydonothavetotravelfar[1] Acceptotherplausibleanswers. [4] (d) StudyFig.4,showsthespatialhierarchiesoftownplanninginSingapore.2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

6 SpatialhierarchiesoftownplanninginSingapore Fig.4 (ii) WithreferencetoFig.4,brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofeachlevelofthehierarchyshown. ● Manyresidentialunits(400to800)forma precinct[1]/ Facilitieswithintheprecinctarewithincloseproximity, forexamplechildren’splayground[1]● Manyprecinctsforma neighbourhoodandservesbetween4000to6000residents[1]/ Eachneighbourhoodhasitsownshopsandschoolsthatserveresidents[1]● Manyneighbourhoodsfroma town. [1]/ withlandallocatedforhousing,industrialandcommercialdevelopment[1] Onepointeachallocatedtoeachlevelofhierarchy. [3] (e) StudyFig.5,whichshowsthe2022EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexwhereitprovidesdataonthestateofsustainabilityaroundtheworld. 2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

7 Fig.5 UsingFig.5, describetheglobaldistributionof thestateof sustainabilityaroundtheworld. ● BetterEPI:USA,AustraliaandCanadahasamuchbetter/hasagoodperformanceforitsenvironmentalperformanceindexas(evidence)itiswithintherangeof1to72EPI(inthegreencoloured).● WorseEPI:CountriessuchasIndia,China,Indonesia,MongoliahasapoorperformanceforitsEPIwithintherangeof144andabove(108to180)–red-coloured● ModerateEPI:CountriessuchasRussia,Kazakhstan,ArgentinahasamoderateperformanceforitsEPIwithinthe90-120range.● Exception:DespiteAfricacontinentexperiencingpoorperformanceinEPI,therearesomeareas/countrieswhichindicatesagoodEPI(attheSouthofAfricancontinent) Max2mfordistribution- identifyingthedistributionofbetterEPI[1]- identifyingdistributionofworseEPI[1]- - identifyingexception[1] Reserved1m–forquotingevidence [3] (f) StudyFig.6,whichisanarticleaboutafireincidentwhichtookplaceinJurongEastneighbourhood,Singapore. Fig.6 2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

8 (i) UsingFig.6 andotherinformationstudied,explaintheimpactsofsuchfirehazardinanurbanneighbourhood. 1. Firesmaycausepeopletolosetheirlives.AsquotedfromFig.6,“oneresidentwaskilledinafire”.● Thissuggeststhatpeoplemaysufferfromburninjuriesandiftheyarenotabletoevacuateintime,itmayleadtofatality[1]asragingfirewasunableto beputoutfastenough/Residentcouldhavesufferedfromhighlevelsofcarbonmonoxide–mayhavedifficultyinbreathingwhentryingtoescapefromfire.● Asresidentmightnotescapeintime,toomuchcarbonmonoxidemaycausetheresidenttohavelossofconsciousnessandfacingdeath.[1-AM] 2. Firein oneunitmaycauseotherresidentsto beaffected–”Threeresidentsfromneighbouringflathadtoberescuedbyfirefighters”.● Thissuggeststhatthefirecouldhavecausedotherresidentstosufferfromdifficultiesinbreathing,[1]● Suffocatedbythesmoke– whichmaypermanentlydamagetheirrespiratorysystem.[1-AM] 3. PropertyDamage● “Residentshavebeenprovidedwithalternativeaccommodation” thefirecouldhaveledtopropertiesintheirhomestobedestroyed causingthemtorequireatemporaryaccommodationforthemtoliveunderwhiletheirhouserequiredfurtherrepairfromthedamagecaused[1]● Asmostoftheirpropertyaredamaged,thisledtoeconomiclosses wherefurthercostsareincurredafterthefiretorepairandrebuildpropertiesthatweredamaged[1-AM] ExplanationofONEimpactat1meachIfadditionalelaborationisprovidedforONEimpact,max2mcanbeawarded. [3] (ii) Usinga namedexample,explaintwowayshowanurbanneighbourhoodinSingaporecanbuilditscommunityresilience. Strengtheningrelationshipamongresidents- Residents areencouragedtoget to‘knowtheir neighbours’ sothat theycandependononeanotherduringanemergency.- For example, The People’s Association (PA) organises a wide range ofcommunity activities aimed at fostering positive relationships amongst [4] 2260/02/EGG/3E/EOY/2023

9 residents living intheneighbourhood. Thisbuildsthecommunity’sresilienceand it was evident throughout the COVID-19 pandemic as residentscametogether to provide assistance to others in need (e.g. mask and fooddistribution). Developing the ability to organise and equip with resources to adapt andrecover - Residents in the neighbourhood can participate in a participatory, inclusiveplanningprocessthat involvescommunityleaders, civil societyorganisationsandthegovernment.- For example, the Community First Responders (CFRs) volunteers areinstrumental tosupportingthegovernment onsearchandrescueoperations,relief workaswell asreachingout tocommunitiesfor skill buildingonsimplefirst-aid and basic firefighting. This helps SCDF optimise its emergencyresourcestoattendtolife-threateningandotherhigher-prioritycases. OR ● Throughreducingpanichencebetterresponseto danger[1]:Example:WithmoreresidentsbeingtrainedinFirstAid,CPR-AEDandFireSafety[1],residentsaremoreassuredduringthe