2023 NCHS SEC3EXP Geog EOY MS

EOYmarkscheme NanChiauHighSchool (20233EEOY) 1Cluster1:GeographyinEverydayLife1(a) Withthehelpofanexample,describehowasenseofplacecanberepresented. [2] ● One’ssenseofplacecanberepresentedthroughdifferentformssuchastext,audio,graphics,stillormovingimages[1]● Anexamplewouldbetheuseof#sgmemoryforSingaporeanstosharephotographsoftheirmemorableexperiencesaroundSingapore[1] 1(b) Definethetermsustainabledevelopment. [2]● Sustainabledevelopmentreferstodevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentpopulationbyachievinghighstandardsoflivingforall[1]● Italsoensurestheabilityofthefuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.[1] Fig.1showsplansbytheHousingDevelopmentBoard(HDB)toimplementgreenfeaturesinneighbourhoods. Fig.11(c) WithreferencetoFig.1,suggesthowthefeaturesshowncontributetoenvironmentallysustainableneighbourhoods. [4] ● Thepresenceofsolarpanelsenabletheflatstobepoweredbysolarenergy, hencereducingtherelianceonfossilfuelmakingitacleanersourceofenergy[1]● TheuseofsmartLEDlightsensureamoreefficientuseofenergyaslightsnotinuseintheestatewillbeautomaticallyoff/reducestheenergyconsumption[1]● Theuseofcoolcoatingforflatscanhelptolowertemperaturesby1-2degrees,reducingenergyconsumption[1] 1

EOYmarkscheme ● Theurbanwaterharvestingsystemprovidesasourceofwaterforblockwashingandhelpstoreducewaterconsumptionoverall[1]● Intensificationofgreenerymakestheareasurroundingtheflatsrelativelycooler, reducingtheneedforuseofelectricalappliancessuchasfansorair-conditionersonaregularbasis[1] Fig.2showsdataonthecausesofresidentialfiresinSingaporehouseholdsbetween2016and2018. Fig.21(d) DescribethetrendsobservedinFig.2between2016and2018. [3]● Ofthecauses,mostseeageneraldeclineovertheyearsfrom2016to2018.[BIgpicture]● However, PMDsawanincreaseofresidentialfiresfrom31in2016to74in2018[Exception]● Also,discardeditemseemstobeananomalytoowheretherewasaslightincreaseinnumbersfrom345to401in2017beforeitdecreasesto296in2018.[Exception]● Firesatrubbishchuteshaveconsistentlybeenthetopcauseofresidentialfireswherethefigureshavebeenconsistentlyover1000eachyearwiththehighestbeing1444[1][Significant]● ThoughPMDshavethelowestfigurescomparedtotheothercauses,thereseemsbeagraduallyincreasingtrendfrom31to74overfrom2016to2018[1] 2

EOYmarkscheme Agroupofstudentswantedtocarryoutaninvestigationtounderstandthefactorsthatcontributedtoresidents’senseofidentityinSengKangNewTown. TheydecidedtointerviewresidentsacrossvariousagegroupcategoriesonaSundaymorningattheentranceofSeletarMalllocatedatFernvale.Fig.3showsamapofSengKangNewTownandTable1belowshowstheresultsofoneofthesurveyquestions. Amenitiesthatcontributetoasenseofbelonging No.ofrespondentsSeletarMall 3FernvaleCommunityClub 4EateriesatJalanKayu 2SengKangRiversidePark 6Fig.3Table1 1(e) WithreferencetoTable1andFig.3,evaluatethereliabilityofthedatacollectionmethodandsuggestimprovementsthatcanbemadetotheinvestigation. [6] ● Stratifiedrandomorquotasamplingwasusedasstudentschosetointerviewresidentsfromvariousagegroups.Sinceopinionsmaydifferacrossdifferentagegroups,datacollectedwillbemorerepresentativeoftheresidentsinSengKangNewTown(+)● TheinterviewtookplaceonaSundaywheremostresidentsmaynotbeworkingsothedatacollectedmaybemorerepresentativeoftheresidentsinthetown(+)● Theinterviewswereonlyconductedononedayinthemorning,henceitmaynotbereliableandthereforethedatamaynotberepresentativeofthedifferentgroupsofpeoplesuchastheworkingadultsorstudentswhomaystillbesleepingonaSundaymorning(-)● Studentscanconductthedatamorefrequently-forexampleweeklyoveraperiodofonemonth 3

EOYmarkscheme ● TheinterviewswereconductedinSeletarmalllocatedinFernvalewhichmaypossiblyseemorerespondentsfromthisneighbourhoodascomparedtofurtheroneslikeRivervale(+)● ForamoreevenspatialevencoverageofSengKang,interviewscanbeconductedinall4neighbourhoodinSengKangNewTown● Thenumberofresponsesindicatethatthesamplesizeisrelativelysmallat15whichisinsufficientforasubstantiallyrepresentativeview(-)● Thereisaneedtoincreasethesamplesizetoatleast50foramorerepresentativesamplesize 4

EOYmarkscheme 2 Cluster2:Tourism (a) Explainonemotivationfactorthathasledtothegrowthoftourism.[4] ● Withincreasingpressuresatworkandhecticlifestyles,people’smotivationtotraveltorelievestresshasincreased.● Manyarethustravellingasawaytorestandrejuvenate.● Acombinationofpushandpullfactorsatthetouristgeneratinganddestinationregionshaveencouragedmanytotravel,● Todifferentdestinationsandtoengageindifferenttypesofactivitiestorelax,provingadifferentroutinefromtheirdailylives.● eg.ManyBritishtouristsvisitPhuket,Thailand,anislandfamousforitsscenicbeachestorestandenjoythescenicviewsOR ● Morepeopleincreasinglyconsidertravellingasawayforself-growthandtoachievetheirfullestpotential.● Travellingallowsthemtodevelopthemselvesfurtherbylearningsomethingneworimprovingtheirexistingknowledgeandskills.● Hence,theymaychooseadestinationwheretheycanpickupanewskillbylearningfromthelocals.● Morearealsoparticipatinginactivitieswheretheyarebeingstretchedphysicallyoremotionallyandthereforeachievingpersonalgrowth.● e.g.ThenumberoftouristsclimbingMountEveresthasincreasedsteadilyastouristsaremotivatedtochallengethemselvesandachievetheirfullestpotential.OR ● Morepeopletraveltogainuniquetravelexperiencesinordertosatisfytheircuriosityabouttheworld.● Theyoftenseekplaceslesstravelledtotoexplorethedifferentenvironmentsandculturesthatarenotwidelyknown.● Theinfluenceofsocialmediahasraisedinterestinuniquedestinationsandactivitiesamongmanyyoungtravellers.● Withthevasttransportnetworks,theseremoteanduniqueplacesaremademoreaccessiblenowandthushasseenariseintourismnumbers.● e.g.TourismnumbersinAlaskahaveincreasedsignificantlyinthelasttwodecades. (b) StudyFig.4,whichshowsaVenndiagramofthedifferenttypesoftourism. 5

EOYmarkscheme Fig.4 Usinganexample,comparethecharacteristicsbetweenadventuretourismandecotourism.[4] ● Bothtourismtakeplaceinnaturalareas(reserve1mforsimilarity).(SITE)● Bothtourismallowtouriststoenjoyscenicviewsandappreciatenature.● Ecotourismfocusesonenvironmentalconservationandresponsibletravelwhileadventuretourismfocusesonofferingpersonalgrowthandself-fulfilmentbyorganisingchallengingtouristactivities.(Purpose)● Ecotourismactivitiestypicallyincludewildlifeobservation,naturewalks,birdwatching,visitingprotectedareas,andparticipatinginconservationprojects(lessrisky)whereasadventuretourismactivitiestypicallyincludemountaineering,rockclimbing,white-waterrafting,bungeejumping,zip-lining,paragliding,andotherhigh-riskoutdoorpursuits.(TYPESOFACTIVITIES)● Ecotourismstrivestoachieveaminimalimpactontheenvironmentwhichmaynotbeobservedforadventuretourism.(SUSTAINABILITY)● Thenumberoftouristsinvolvedinecotourismcouldbesmallerascomparedtoadventuretourism(SIZE)sincethereisgreateremphasisonsustainabilityfortheformer. (c) StudyFig.5,whichshowsinformationontourisminBali. What’s the firstthingaboutBalithatcomesto mind?Likelyitsbeautiful,pristinebeachesbutbeachesonthe paradisiacalislandintheIndonesianarchipelago increasinglyfeaturenotshells,butrather,plastictrash. 6

EOYmarkscheme (i) (ii) TherapidgrowthofBali’seconomyanddevelopmentoftourismhavetranslatedintoanincreaseintheamountofwastegenerated.PlasticwastehasbeenpilinguponBali,fueledbyalackofinfrastructure—oran officialplan—todealwithit. Alsocontributingto bottle-andbag-strewnbeachesaregrowingtourism,ingrainedculturalpractices,andalackofawarenessaboutthelifecycleofplasticfromdisposaltosea,to washinguponbeachesastrash.Onlyabouthalfof wastegeneratedin Bali has beenwell managed,bothrecycledandtransportedtolandfills.Asa result,33,000tonsofplasticwasteendupatseaeveryyear. Accordingtoastudyconducted,apartfrompollution,therehasbeenareductionofnaturalresourcesandaswellaslimitedamountoflandtobuildtourismattractionsandhotelsin Balito attractmoreinboundtourists. Fig.5 Withreferenceto Fig.5,whichstageofthetourismdevelopmentisBaliat?Givereasonstosupportyouranswer. [3] ● Ithasreachedthestageofstagnationordecline.[1] ● Thetouristarrivalshavereachedorexceededitscarryingcapacity, causingnegativeimpactstotheenvironment.Fromthesource,itwasmentionedthatthebeachesonthe paradis