[SAJC] Conflict and Cooperation Arab Israeli Conflict (1948-1979) Final (2024)

Saint Andrew’s Junior College (2024) 9174/01 H2 History Paper 1 Theme III: Conflict and Cooperation (1945-2000) 1 Conflict and Cooperation (1945-2000) Topic 2: Arab-Israeli Conflict (1948-1979) SAJC History Unit, 2024 Learning Outcomes (from the Examination Syllabus) 5 Essential Questions for this topic: 5 Guiding Questions for this topic: 5 1. Introduction 6 1.1 Understanding the Arab-Israeli Conflict 7 1.2 Context for the Conflict: Land of Palestine 8 2. Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 9 2.1 Long Term Origins: Clash in Nationalisms 9 2.1.1 Jewish Nationalism (Zionism) 10 2.1.2 Arab Nationalismin Palestine 11 2.2 Long Term Origins: Economic Division 13 2.3 Long Term Origins: Competing identities and Religion 15 2.3.1 Arab vs Jewish Culture/Values 15 2.3.2 Judaic vs Islamic Claims over Palestine 16 2.4 Short Term Origins: Superpower Interests 16

Saint Andrew’s Junior College (2024) 9174/01 H2 History Paper 1 Theme III: Conflict and Cooperation (1945-2000) 2 2.4.1 The British 17 2.4.2 UN Partition Plan 17 2.4.3 UN Resolution 181 17 2.4.4 Soviet Support for Partition 18 2.4.5 American Support for Partition 18 3. Outbreak of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Combatant States) 19 4. Protracted Regional Conflict: the Arab-Israeli Wars 21 4.1 The War of Independence/Al-Naqba (1948) 21 4.1.1 How the War began 21 4.1.2 Consequences 22 4.2 The Suez Crisis (1956) 23 4.2.1 How the Crisis began 23 4.2.2 Consequences 24 4.3 The Six-Day Crisis (1967) 25 4.3.1 How the Crisis began 25 4.3.2 Consequences 26 4.4 The Yom-Kippur War (1973) 28 4.4.1 How the War began 28 4.4.2 Consequences 29 5. Expansion of Superpower influence 30 5.1 Role of the USA 31 5.2 Role of USSR 33

Saint Andrew’s Junior College (2024) 9174/01 H2 History Paper 1 Theme III: Conflict and Cooperation (1945-2000) 3 6. Rise and Impact of Extremism 34 6.1 Jewish Fundamentalism 34 6.2 Impact of Jewish Fundamentalism 36 6.3 Secular Palestinian Extremism 37 6.3.1 Rise and Impact of Palestinian Extremism 37 6.4 Islamic Fundamentalism 38 6.4.1 Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism 38 6.4.2 Impact of Islamic Fundamentalism 39 6.5 Rise of the Israeli Hardliners 40 7. The search for an Elusive Peace (Effectiveness of Peacekeeping) 42 7.1 A slow and difficult Peace Process 42 7.2 Role of UN 42 7.3 UN Peacekeeping Operations 43 7.3.1 UNTSO (1979-Present) 43 7.3.2 UNEF I (1956-1967) 44 7.3.3 UNEF II (1973-1979) 45 7.3.4 UNDOF (1974-Present) 45 7.3.5 UNILIF (1978-Present) 46 8. UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338 47 8.1 Resolution 242 48 8.2 Resolution 338 49 9. American involvement in the search for an Arab-Israeli Peace 50

Saint Andrew’s Junior College (2024) 9174/01 H2 History Paper 1 Theme III: Conflict and Cooperation (1945-2000) 4 9.1 Kissinger’s Shuttle Diplomacy 52 9.2 Camp David Accords 52 9.2.1 Egypt’s Motivations for Peace 52 9.2.2 Israeli’s Motivations for Peace 53 9.2.3 The Camp David Summit 53