SAJC H2 History Paper 2 2024 Lecture 5 Political Structures Pt 2

Paper 2: Developments in Southeast Asia (Independence – 2000) Theme I: Forming Nation-States – Establishing Political Structures and Legitimacy 1 SAJC/History Department/SEA/JC1/Theme 1: Forming Nation-States /Lt5/2023/INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY Lecture 5: Phases 2 & 3 – Authoritarian Governments & Return to Democracy SAJC History Unit, 2023 1. Possible question types for this lecture 2. Case Study 1: Burma 3. Case Study 2: Indonesia 4. Case Study 3: Philippines 5. Case Study 4: The Federation of Malaya / Malaysia 6. Case Study 5: Singapore 7. Case Study 6: Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam 1954 -1976), Socialist Republic of Vietnam (post-1976) 8. Case Study 7: Thailand

Paper 2: Developments in Southeast Asia (Independence – 2000) Theme I: Forming Nation-States – Establishing Political Structures and Legitimacy 2 SAJC/History Department/SEA/JC1/Theme 1: Forming Nation-States /Lt5/2023/INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY This set of lecture notes focuses on the effectiveness of authoritarian governments (Phase II) and the return to democratic governments in (Phase III). Having established some form of authoritarianism, different SEA countries thus experienced varying degrees of effectiveness in consolidating power. We will be using the set of 4 criterion (on p. 3) to assess effectiveness of governments more closely for this lecture. Hence for every case study, you need to ask yourself the following questions: 1. Were authoritarian governments able to harness traditional institutions (religion and monarchy)? 2. Were authoritarian governments able to manage political challenges and popular opposition? 3. What about constitutional process and elections? Did these processes bring about greater legitimacy and support for authoritarian governments? 4. Were authoritarian governments able to implement effective socio - economic development? Lastly, phase III refers to a return to more democratic practices by SEA countries. Questions you should be asking yourself should be: • Why this trend back to democratic practices? • Were these truly democratic practices? • What was the impact on the consolidation of power? Positive or negative?

Paper 2: Developments in Southeast Asia (Independence – 2000) Theme I: Forming Nation-States – Establishing Political Structures and Legitimacy 3 SAJC/History Department/SEA/JC1/Theme 1: Forming Nation-States /Lt5/2023/INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY 1. Possible question types for the lecture (recap of Lecture 4) 1.1 Assessing effectiveness of authoritarian govts in consolidating power • Criterion to assess effectiveness in consolidating power a) Ability to harness traditional institutions b) Ability to maintain order and stability c) Ability to promote constitutional forms and practices d) Ability to promote socio-economic development 1.2 Evaluate significance of each factor in determining whether SEA governments could