St Patricks School S4 Social Studies Notes

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 1 St. Patrick’s School Secondary 4 Social Studies Notes 2023 Name: ______________________ Class: Sec ______ Date: ____________ Source-based Case Study Skills • ANSWER THE QUESTION. [ATQ] • Highlight the important words in the OVERARCHING QUESTION. • Look out for the CONTEXT in the background information. • Highlight KEY WORDS / PHRASES in the question and the sources. • ANNOTATE your sources → WHAT DO THE KEY WORDS / PHRASES TELL YOU? → INFERENCE • Paragraph your points ( 1point = 1 paragraph)

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 2 The Skill of Inference Simple Inference Message Purpose

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 3 1. The Skill of Inference General Tips: a. Inference must be YOUR OWN WORDS b. You must explain the evidence Question types: 1. Study Source A. What does Source A tell you about the policy of working from home? Explain your answer. 2. Study Source A What can you learn from Source A about the policy of working from home? Explain your answer. 3. Study Source A. What can you infer from Source A about the policy of working from home? Explain your answer. 4. Study Source A. What does Source A say about the policy of working from home? Explain your answer. How to answer the question: Question Study Source A. What does Source A tell you about the policy of working from home? Explain your answer. Answer the question Source A tells me that the policy of working from home ____________________________________________ [INFER] Give evidence to support the inference I know this because Source A states “___________________________” [QUOTE] OR I know this because Source A is a cartoon that shows ______________________________ [DESCRIBES SOURCE] Explain the evidence This shows _______________________________________________ [EXPLAIN EVIDENCE] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 4 2. Inferring Message Question types: 1. Study Source A. What is the message of Source A? Explain your answer. How to answer the question: Question Study Source A. What is the message of Source A? Explain your answer. Answer the question The message of Source A is ______________________________ [HOLISTIC INFERENCE / AUTHOR’s ATTITUDE about the issue] Give evidence to support the inference I know this because Source A states “___________________________” [QUOTE] OR I know this because Source A is a cartoon that shows ______________________________ [DESCRIBES SOURCE] Explain the evidence This shows _______________________________________________ [EXPLAIN EVIDENCE] Tips: 1. Detect author’s feelings about the issue. → critical / supportive of issue 2. Bring in Context if appropriate. → WHAT DOES THE OVERARCHING QUESTION TELL YOU? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 5 3. Inferring Purpose Question Types: 1. Study Source A. Why was this source published? Explain your answer. 2. Study Source A. Why was this source publised at that time? Explain your answer. 3. Study Source A. What is the purpose of Source A? Explain your answer. How to answer the question: Question Study Source A. Why was this source published? Explain your answer. Answer the question using AMAO formula Source A WANTS TO [PHRASED LIKE A REASON] ____________ (ACTION BY THE AUTHOR) _____________________________ (MESSAGE) SO THAT [PHRASED LIKE A REASON] _____________ (AUDIENCE) would _____________________________ [OUTCOME]. Give evidence to support the inference I know this because Source A states “___________________________” [QUOTE] OR I know this because Source A is a cartoon that shows ______________________________ [DESCRIBES SOURCE] Explain the evidence This shows _______________________________________________ [EXPLAIN EVIDENCE] Tips: a. Answers must be presented as REASONS. b. Bring in Context if appropriate. [CHECK BACKGROUND INFORMATION for Context] c. Message and Outcome MUST MATCH ➢ e.g. The author wants to (R) criticise (A) the government for implementing a liberal immigration policy and allow more foreigners to come to Singapore to fight with the locals for job opportunities (M) so that Singaporeans (A) will pressure the government the revise the immigration policy to make it less liberal (O). [The underlined phrases show clearly that the message MATCHES the outcome] d. For possible audience: get clue s from the provenance. LENGTHY Provenances are RICH in INFORMATION. e. For outcome: There must be an ACTION from the audience. MATCH

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 6 Possible Actions by the author Positive Actions Negative Actions ➢ convince ➢ encourage ➢ praise ➢ persuade ➢ criticise ➢ condemn ➢ mock ➢ ridicule ➢ warn ➢ discredit Examples of Context: E.g. In 2015 / 2020, Singapore was holding the General elections and so it was imperative for political parties to win votes [GENERAL ELECTIONS] E.g. USA and China had tensions due to differing ideologies and so they do not trust each other. [DIFFERING IDEOLOGIES] E.g. Pakistan and Afghanistan are neighbours and therefore Pakistan would want their neigbours to do well so that tensions and trouble do not spill into Pakistan. [RELATIONS OF NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES] E.g. As a government official, the Minister would want to defend the governmen’ts policies and thus would portray them in a positive light [DEFEND POLICIES] E.g. As a member of the opposition party, it is natural for him / her to examine government policies in a critical manner. [CRITICAL OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES] CONTEXT CAN BE FOUND IN THE BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SBCS OR IN THE PROVENANCE! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 7 The Skill of Comparing

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 8 The Skill of Comparing Question types: Type 1: 1. Study Sources B and C. How different are the two sources? Explain your answer. 2. Study Sources B and C. In what ways are the two sources similar? Explain your answer. Comparing Type 1 How to answer the question: Question Type 1: Study Sources B and C. How different are these two sources? Explain your answer. PARAGRAPH 1 Answer the question (ATQ) [GIVE 1 st COMPARISON] Support comparison with evidences from BOTH sources Sources B and C are similar in saying ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [INFERENCES FROM SOURCES B AND C] OR Sources B and C are similar because Source B says _________________ and Source C says ___________________________________________ [INFERENCES FROM SOURCES B AND C] I know this because Source B states “____________________________” but Source C states “____________________________________”. [EVIDENCES FROM SOURCES B AND C] PARAGRAPH 2 Answer the question (ATQ) [GIVE 2 ND COMPARISON] Sources B and C are different in their description of ________ [BASIS OF COMPARISON] Source B says _______________________[INFERENCE FROM SOURCE B] but Source C says _______________________[INFERENCE FROM SOURCE C]

PREPARED BY: THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL 9 Support comparison with