RI Knowledge and Inquiry Unofficial Compiled Notes v2.0

Knowledge andInquiry NotesLAU 2022/2023

RAFFLES INSTITUTION KNOWLEDGE AND INQUIRY 2022 CHAPTER 1: CRITICAL THINKING 1 PARTS OF AN ARGUMENT ........................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Definition of an Argument........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Identifying Arguments ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Types of Non-Arguments ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Premises and Conclusions......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Premise and Conclusion Indicators .................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Implicit Statements ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 2 DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Principle of Charity ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Definitions of Deductive and Inductive Arguments..................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Examples of Deductive Arguments .................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Examples of Inductive Arguments ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Differentiating between Deductive and Inductive Arguments .................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 Indicator Words .................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.3.2 Style of Argumentation ....................................................................................................................................... 5 3 EVALUATING DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS .................................................................................... 5 3.1 Deductive Validity....................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Deductive Soundness .................................................................................................