2024 ASRJC Prelim Paper 2 Ans Key

2024 JC2 H2 Geo Prelim Paper 2 Page 1 of 13 ASRJC 2024 JC2 H2 Geography Prelim PAPER 2 Section A Cluster 4: Fieldwork 1 A group of 4 junior college students was given an assignment for the one-week school holiday in September to examine the effectiveness of road safety measures in enhancing the safety and liveability of housing estates in Singapore for the elderly. The students’ key geographical question was : “How can the inadequacies of road safety measures in housing estates in Singapore be improved to enhance safety for the elderly?”. To explore this, they first conducted secondary research on the locations where road safety measures had been put in place to cater to the needs of the elderly. They eventually decided to conduct observations and questionnaire surveys in Ang Mo Kio Street 31 where the Friendly Streets initiative was piloted. This initiative by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) aims to make daily journeys to key amenities in neighbourhoods safer, more convenient and comfortable for those walking or cycling. The observations and questionnaire surveys were conducted on a weekday, between 12 to 2pm. The students used the first 30 minutes to individually take photographs of the road safety measures along Ang Mo Kio Street 31. They then conducted questionnaire surveys in pairs by stationing themselves at the signalised crossings at Blk 314 and Blk 320 respectively. They approached every elderly person who walked past them to administer the questionnaire survey. The students administered the survey to a total of 18 elderly. Resource 1 shows photographs of the road safety measures that are part of the Friendly Streets initiative implemented in Ang Mo Kio Street 31. Resource 2 is a map of the designated Friendly Street at Ang Mo Kio Street 31 and its vicinity. Resource 3 shows the profile of the respondents to the questionnaire survey. Resource 4 shows the findings from the questionnaire survey. (a) Explain why the students’ geographical question may not be appropriate for the investigation. [4] Possible points: • Inappropriate scale/ scale was too large and/or unmanageable – the geographical question stated “housing estates in Singapore” but this was not feasible for the small team of 4 students, and the given time frame of 1 week. • This is not an ideal geographical question because it contains a presumed outcome that the road safety measures are inadequate → leads to some level of bias in conducting investigation. (b) Suggest how the students could minimise potential risks during data collection. [6] Possible points: • Preamble stated conduct of investigation during 12 to 2 pm + Resource 1 shows that the locations have minimal shade → risk of heat exhaustion → students could either conduct their investigation at another time (before 10 or after 3 pm) or ensure heat protection like caps and have • Preamble stated that the students took photos individually → risk of inattentiveness and possible accidents (e.g. collision with pedestrians or cyclists) → work at least in pairs so that while one person is taking photos/collecting data, the other person could look out for oncoming cyclists or pedestrians

2024 JC2 H2 Geo Prelim Paper 2 Page 2 of 13 ASRJC 2024 JC2 H2 Geography Prelim PAPER 2 • Resource 1A shows that the signalised crossings where the students conducted their questionnaire surveys are also used by cyclists → risk of collisions → work at least in pairs so that while one person is taking photos/collecting data, the other person could look out for oncoming cyclists or pedestrians (c) Explain how the students could minimise the impact of their investigation. [5] Possible points: • Resource 1 – obstruction to cyclists and pedestrians who are trying to use the path or cross the road; kerbless crossing shown in 1B is also particularly narrow → they may not want to administer their questionnaire surveys at the signalised crossings as this would take some time and thus pose as an obstruction to others. They could administer the survey at the void decks instead. When taking photo at the kerbless c rossing shown in 1B, they should do so when there no other cyclists or pedestrians around. • Inconvenience to respondents who may be delayed from carrying out their intended activity → students should ask if the respondents are in a hurry/ have time to spare, stating the estimated timed needed for the survey. • When taking photographs of the road safety measures, students should wait and ensure that no pedestrians are in the frame so as to avoid any invasion of privacy if the pedestrians were captured in the photo. (d) With reference to Resource 3, explain why the respondents to the questionnaire survey may not be representative of the elderly residents in Ang Mo Kio Street 31. [5] Things to note: • Award 1 mark for an explanation of why the respondents may not be representative of the elderly residents in AMK St 31. • Award 1 additional mark for further development of how they differ. Possible points: • Small sample size – 18 only → hence, this may not be very representative of all the elderly living in AMK St 31 since there are several housing blocks along the street, and thus a sizeable number of elderly. • Predominantly female – 11 of 18 respondents → hence, this may not be very representative as female elderly and male elderly are likely to have different expectations of/experiences with road safety measures, considering differences in lifestyle choices or routines. Hence, having disproportionately mo re female than male respondents might skew the results of the investigation, reducing representativeness and reliability. • Predominantly in the youngest age range of 65-69 – 12 of 18 respondents while there were none in the >80 age group → hence, this may not be very representative as the different age profiles are likely to have different expectations of/experiences with road safety measures, considering differences their mobility levels and routines. Hence, having disproportionately more respondents might skew the results of the investigation, reducing representativeness and reliability. • Majority from Blks 312 and 314 – total of 9 of 18 respondents ; while some blocks (302-305, 329) were not represented at all. → hence, this may not be very representative as residents living in different areas along AMK St 31 may

2024 JC2 H2 Geo Prelim Paper 2 Page 3 of 13 ASRJC 2024 JC2 H2 Geography Prelim PAPER 2 experience different forms of road safety measures. Hence, having disproportionately more respondents from only a select group of blocks in close proximity to each other (or nearer AMK Ave 8) might skew the results of the investigation, reducing representativeness and reliability. (e) With the aid of a sketch diagram, explain how the students could better represent the data on distribution of respondents who are residents, by blocks along Ang Mo Kio Street 31 as seen in Resource 3. [5] Possible points: • The table does not allow for ease of visual comparison (1m). • A possible alternative would be a bar graph which allows for the no. of residents in each block to be depicted in relation to that in other blocks, hence facilitating comparisons (1m). • Features of bar graph: o Correct labelling of axes (1m) o Accurate plotting and labelling of data (1m) o Title of diagram (1m) (f) With reference to Resource 4, describe the elderly’s views on how the road safety measures have enhanced the safety and liveability in their housing estate. [5] Possible points: • There are mixed views from the elderly in terms of the extent to which the road safety measures have enhanced safety and liveability in their housing estate. (1m) • Regarding