CCHM 2025 GEOG PRELIM P2 MS

Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows an initiative by residents to set up a community library at the void deck of a block of flats in their neighbourhood. Using Fig. 1.1, describe how the presence of the community library could affect the sense of place of residents in their neighourhood. [2] ● The presence of the community library with its well-decorated space is unique/distinctive, thus making it easy for residents to remember it. This could help to enhance the residents’ sense of place. ● The community library at the void deck of the flats also serves as a place where residents can gather and interact with one another , thus forming an attachment to the place and enable them to feel a sense of belonging and place. (b) Study Fig. 1.2A (Insert), which shows the number of people who were injured in traffic accidents in Singapore from 2014 to 2023 and Fig. 1.2B (Insert), which shows the number of fatalities in traffic accidents in Singapore from 2014 to 2023. Using Figs. 1.2A and 1.2B, compare the number of people who were injured and the fatalities in traffic accidents in Singapore from 2014 to 2023. [4] Similarities ● Overall , both the number of people who were injured and fatalities decreased . The number of people who were injured decreased from 10,000 in 2014 to 9,000 in 2023, a decrease of 1,000 and the number of fatalities decreased from 155 to 140, a decrease of 15. ● From 2019 to 2020 , both the number of people who were injured and fatalities had a sharp decrease . The number of people who were injured decreased from 9,800 in 2019 to 6,800 in 2020, a decrease of 3,000 and the number of fatalitie s decreased from 118 in 2019 to 75 in 2020, a decrease of 43 . ● From 2020 to 2023 , both the number of people who were injured and number of fatalities increased. The number of people who were injured increased from 6800 to 9000, an increase of 2200 and the number of fatalities increased from 75 to 140, an increase of 65. Difference ● However, from 2014 to 2016 , the number of people who were injured increased by 1,000, from 10,000 in 2014 to 11,000 in 2016 but the number of fatalities experienced a slight decrease of 35 , from 155 in 2014 to 120 in 2016. (c) Describe how fire hazards can negatively impact individuals living in urban neighbourhoods. [3] [Turn Over

2 ● People can sustain burn injuries if they are unable to evacuate in time . Severe burn injuries may lead to disabilities or deaths. ● High levels of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide may be released and may cause carbon monoxide poisoning . This may cause headache, dizziness, weakness and confusion , making it more difficult for people to escape a fire. ● Other irritants from a fire, such as acid gases , can permanently damage a person’s respiratory system. Smoke inhalation can cause breathing difficulties and suffocation , which may lead to death. ● Fires can also destroy commercial or residential properties which leads to economic losses as goods, furniture and important documents may be destroyed. ● Further costs may also be incurred after the fire is over as money is required to repair and rebuild the properties that were damaged by the fire, (d) Study Fig. 1. 3 (Insert), which shows the Singapore government’s plans to rejuvenate Pasir Ris Town under the Remaking Our Heartlands Programme. Using Fig. 1.3, evaluate the decision to rejuvenate Pasir Ris Town. [6] For: ● The Central Greenway , which is a pathway for pedestrians and cyclists results in increased connectivity across Pasir Ris . This encourages more people to cycle or walk, thus helping to reduce carbon emissions in the long run. ● The plan to integrate the bus interchange with the new mixed residential and commercial development makes it more convenient for commuters to access shops , thus helping to sustain businesses due to the higher footfall. ● Improvement of amenities and having more playgrounds in Pasir Ris Park would attract more people to visit the park where they can engage in recreational activities to relieve stress/improve their mental and physical well-being. ● The building of the partly sheltered community space can be a place where activities and events can be held, thus encouraging interaction and bonding among residents in the neighborhood. Against: ● The clearance of land for new housing development near Pasir Ris Park could lead to the destruction of existing habitats as vegetation in the area is cleared to make way for new flats. This could lead to a subsequent loss of biodiversity in the area. ● The process of clearing the land and construction of housing often results in noise pollution from the use of machinery , which could cause disturbance to wildlife . ● In addition , harmful chemicals could also leak into the ground or nearby waterways , thus resulting in land and water pollution. ● Site clearance could also lead to soil erosion, thus causing soil to be washed into waterways, resulting in poor water quality . OR loss of nutrient-rich topsoil, thus lowering the fertility of the soil. Award 1m per valid point, with at least one point on ‘for’ and ‘against’. [Total: 15] 2 Cluster 4: Tectonics 2025 Preliminary Examinations/CCHMS/Secondary 4/Geography/2279/02

3 (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows the location of the San Andreas Fault. With reference to Fig. 2.1, explain how earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault. [3] ● When the Pacific Plate slides past the North American Plate , ● friction causes the rock masses on either side of the San Andreas Fault to get locked and stress builds up. ● When the stress exceeds the strength of the fault/rock , the rocks snap /suddenly move to a new position. The sudden movement causes seismic waves to be released, resulting in an earthquake. (b) Study Fig. 2.2 (Insert), which shows a map of the lava flow from the 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on La Palma in the Canary Islands. Using Fig. 2.2, describe the extent of the lava flow from the Cumbre Vieja volcano. [3] ● Lava from the volcano has flowed down the western side /flank of the volcano . ● Lava flow reaches the coast and flowed into the Atlantic Ocean. ● Lava has flowed over some towns , e.g. Todoque, Los Campitos, La Laguna (give at least 1 example). ● Lava has also flowed over a long distance of about 5.75km