2026 ACJC H2 Biology Prelim P2 MS

This document consists of __ printed pages. [Turn over Anglo-Chinese Junior College JC2 Biology Preliminary Examination Higher 2 CANDIDATE NAME FORM CLASS TUTORIAL CLASS INDEX NUMBER BIOLOGY Paper 2 Structured Questions Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. 9477/02 28 August 2026 2 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Name, Class and Index number in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiners’ use only 1 / 11 2 / 11 3 / 8 4 / 8 5 / 11 6 / 9 7 / 11 8 / 10 9 / 5 10 / 6 Total / 90

2 Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2026 J2 H2 9477 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination For Examiner Use Answer all questions. 1 Figure 1.1 is an electron micrograph of part of a chloroplast of a maize leaf cell. Figure 1.1 (a) (i) Table 1.1 shows some substrates and products involved in photosynthesis. Use letter A or letter B from Figure 1.1 to complete Table 1.1 to show the location where the substrates or products are used or produced. Table 1.1 substrate or product location (A or B) carbon dioxide used ……B…… reduced NADP used ……B…… ATP produced ……A…… hexose produced ……B…… …………………………………………………………………………………………............ [2] Any 2 correct answers for 1 mark;

3 [Turn over Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2026 J2 H2 9477 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination For Examiner Use (ii) Chloroplasts contain numerous structures labelled A that are stacked together . Explain how this increases the efficiency of photosynthesis. 1. Increase surface area; 2. for more photosystems/ photosynthetic pigments to be embedded in the thylakoid membrane; 3. to increase rate of light-dependent reaction/ photophosphorylation of photosynthesis / increase rate or amount of light being captured; OR 4. for more electron carriers and ATP synthase to be embedded in the thylakoid membrane; 5. to increase rate of chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP; A! per unit time …………………………………………………………………………………………............ [3] (b) Define the absorption and action spect ra of photosynthetic pigments and describe their relationship. 1. The absorption spectrum shows how much light of each wavelength is absorbed by each photosynthetic pigment; 2. The action spectrum shows the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light; 3. Greater absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments generally results in a higher rate of photosynthesis / the peaks of the action spectrum generally correspond to the peaks of the absorption spectrum; ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3] (c) The rate at which plants use photosynthesis to transfer light energy into chemical energy that is stored in plant biomass can be measured in megajoules per square metre per year (MJ m–2 yr –1). Figure 1.2 compares the rates of energy transfer for different ecosystems.

4 Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2026 J2 H2 9477 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination For Examiner Use Figure 1.2 With reference to Figure 1.2, identify one limiting factor affecting photosynthesis in the snow forest ecosystem. Explain your answer with relevant data. 1. Temperature / light intensity; 2. Lower temperature/ lesser light/ lower light intensity in the snow forest results in lower rate of photosynthesis; OR A limiting factor is the factor that is nearest its minimum value which determines the rate of photosynthesis; 3. As temperature / light intensity increases from snow forest to tropical/temperate forest, the rate of energy transfer increases from 15 MJ m⁻² yr⁻¹ to 37.5 MJ m⁻² yr⁻¹ / 24 MJ m⁻² yr⁻¹; A! 37.6 and 37.7, A! 24.1 and 24.2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3] [Total: 11] 2 Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are types of biological molecules. Within each type, there are examples of molecules that can be described as polymers. (a) A polymer is a large molecule composed of smaller repeating molecules known as monomers. Complete Table 2.1 to produce a summary of some named biological polymers. Table 2.1 polymer constituent monomer type of bond between monomers cellulose glucose glycosidic glycogen glucose glycosidic; collagen amino acid; peptide DNA DNA nucleotide phosphodiester; [2] 1 mark for every 2 correct answer;

5 [Turn over Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2026 J2 H2 9477 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination For Examiner Use (b) Explain why a cellulose molecule and a glycogen molecule have very different structures, even though they both have glucose as the constituent monomer. 1. Cellulose is composed of β-glucose while glycogen is composed of α-glucose; 2. Cellulose has β-1,4-glycosidic bond while glycogen has α-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic bonds; 3. Adjacent glucose monomers in cellulose are rotated 180 ◦ while there no such rotation in glycogen; 4. α-1,4 glycosidic bond causes glycogen chains to coil into a helical structure while the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds cause cellulose chains to be straight; 5. α-1,6-glycosidic bonds cause glycogen to be branched while absence of α-1,6- glycosidic bonds cause cellulose to be unbranched; 6. Cellulose has a structural function in the plant cell wall while glycogen has an energy storage function in animals; ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3] (c) During exercise, glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which then undergoes glycolysis. (i) Outline what happens to one molecule of glucose during glycolysis. 1. 1 molecule of glucose is broken down to form 2 molecules of pyruvate; 2. In the process, net 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules reduced NAD are formed; …………………………………………………………………………………………............ [2] (ii) Explain how products of glycolysis can lead to ATP production under aerobic conditions. 1. Pyruvate enters mitochondrion for Link Reaction to occur where it is decarboxylated and oxidised to acetyl CoA, forming reduced NAD as well; 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle where more reduced NAD and reduced FAD are produced; 3. ATP synthesis occurs via substrate level phosphorylation during Krebs cycle; 4. Reduced NAD and reduced FAD then donates electrons to electron carriers in the electron transport chain at inner mitochondrial membrane, 5. O xidative phosphorylation occurs at where ATP is produced from ADP and Pi by ATP synthase; 6. Oxygen is the final electron and proton acceptor, forming water in the process; MP2 and MP4: Mark once for reduced NAD and reduced FAD; …………………………………………………………………………………………............ [4] [Total: 11]

6 Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2026 J2 H2 9477 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination For Examiner Use 3 Neutrase® is an enzyme that is used to hydrolyse proteins in solution. When the enzyme is mixed with a 2% protein solution, the reaction mixture changes from white to co