SNGS EL TYS 2024 P2

Paper 2 Section A 1. Young people can learn and grow while having fun in group activities. 2. The three smaller pictures show a group of young people participating actively in a variety of outdoor activities such as camping, hiking and climbing, without adult supervision. This shows the range of challenging and exciting outdoor activities offered by Outdoor Adventurers. 3. ‘Help us organise our activities’. 4. (a) encouraging (b) to persuade young people to participate in the organisation. Section B 5. (i) The father looked all around him, (looking for a place that he could lean against to untie his laces.) (ii) He (looked around and) acknowledged his new surroundings. 6. The habit refers to removing shoes before entering the house. 7. Ruma lived modestly/ simply. OR She had a simple childhood/ modest home. DNA: humble (from text), not from… 8. (a) She had furnished it slowly and thoughtfully, (selecting simple expensive sofas covered with tasteful muted shades of wool and long, low, polished bookcases on outwardly turned feet). (b) She wanted to ensure that her furnishing would match the beauty/ standards/ design of the house previously designed and owned by an architect. 9. Firstly, the Olympic Mountains were described as ‘snowy peaks seemed crafted’, suggesting that the snow caps of the mountains looked so perfect that it looked as though they were intentionally built, showing that the view was breathtaking. Secondly, ‘billowing white of the clouds (drifting above them)’ suggests that the clouds were fluffy and white, moving gently in the sky with the wind, showing the picture perfect scene outside the window. DNA: about sunset 10. Firstly, the father ‘looked out of the window but said nothing’, despite Ruma trying to engage him by explaining the mechanics of the bridge and pointing out the breathtaking view of the lake, which indicates his lack of interest.

Secondly, as he viewed the room, he ‘appeared to be simply measuring its dimensions’, suggesting that he did not appreciate the thoughtful furnishing but looked at the room in a practical manner. Lastly, ‘from his obvious indifference’ suggests that the father showed clearly from his facial expression that he was uninterested in what Ruma was showing him. These pieces of evidence show that the father was unmoved by her new house. 11. She knew that the programmes that the father would enjoy watching are on that channel. 12. (a) Akash was accustomed to wearing shoes in the house + even on the bed OR hence he did not understand why he could not walk on the bed with his shoes. (b) She did not expect Akash to move so quickly to get off the bed. 13. (a) The writer is comparing Akash to a snake. (b) Akash was playing into the grandfather’s sharing about creatures crawling around the bed, hence acting like one. 14. Attentive, Proud, Disappointed, Resigned Section C 15. (a) That detail was irrelevant/ not important, hence people do not remember/ have forgotten. (b) i) The writer uses the second person pronoun/direct address ‘you’, seeming like the writer is talking directly to the reader. (ii) The writer uses a series of questions/ asking questions continuously to engage the reader in recalling/pondering/reflecting past events. 16. (a) It shows that our memory only captures parts of what has happened. (b) The writer compares it to a video tape, to show that our memory captures parts of what had happened rather than a continuous accurate portrayal of the event. (c) The word is ‘episodic’. 17. From the passage: ‘from records of what we experienced’ Paraphrase: It is based on our memory of what we had encountered/ gone through. 18. It guides people’s decisions and helps to build and maintain relationships. 19. (a) (i) Memories are shaped by mood, by our generalised knowledge about the world and our lives. (ii) Since both context and knowledge change over time, so can memories.

(b) Memories provide a narrative and give people a sense of identity. 20. Summary - summarise how memory works efficiently and what makes it unreliable No. From Passage Paraphrased Efficient 1 Repeated events are stored as generalised memories which are more quickly and easily recalled Replicate events are kept as generalised memories which are more swiftly and effortlessly recalled 2 Routines become automatic and embedded in these generalised memories, making daily life more straightforward Routines become instinctive and innate in these generalised memories, making life less complicated. 3 When something unusual happens, we tend to remember it as it stands out as being different In unexpected events, we will likely remember as it is prominent 4 Unless we revisit events in our minds, much fades away within a few days. If we do not consistently recall past happenings, the memory will decline/diminish/dwindle/die off. 5 We let go of what we don’t need and hang on to what we do We forget the unessential and keep the essential memories. 6 Adaptive function of our brain allows us to make sense of the past in the context of the present The brain is versatile and helps us to understand the past in the current moment 7 Revisiting a specific memory of an event consolidates and strengthens it with each revisit. Revisiting the particular memory summarises and solidifies it with each revisit. Unreliable 8 Details are often forgotten OR It is incredibly difficult to remember specific details from days that are otherwise unremarkable, even when we want to. It is onerous/challenging to recall particular moments that are the norm/average/ordinary regardless of our desire to do so. 9 (Each time we revisit a specific memory of an event), we are actually reconstructing that memory in the context of a constantly changing However, each time we recall, we are recreating that memory in different circumstances that are always evolving

knowledge base and perspective. 10 Our memories are prone to errors Our memories are susceptible to mistakes 11 And we can sometimes reinterpret things different in the light of new information And we can sometimes reexplain/view events in fresh ways with updated knowledge