YIJC_2019 HT H2 Prelim_ Paper2

YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Higher 2 CANDIDATE NAME CG INDEX NO HISTORY Paper 2 The Making of Independent Southeast Asia (Independence to 2000) Additional Materials: 1 Answer Booklet 9752/02 18 September 2019 3 Hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CG in the spaces provided on the cover page and on the Answer Booklet. Write your answers in dark blue or black pen in the Answer Booklet provided. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. This document consists of 5 printed pages.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. INTER-STATE CONFLICTS & THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN 1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow: Source A The establishment of ASEAN was a product of a desire by its five original members to create a mechanism for war prevention and conflict management. The need for such a mechanism was made salient by the fact that ASEAN’s predecessor[s] had foundered on the reefs of intra-regional mistrust and animosity. The Association of Southeast Asia (ASA) had collapsed over the Phil ippines’ claim to North Borneo. MAPHILINDO’s demise was ensured by Indonesia’s challenge to the legitimacy of newly independent Malaysia through a coercive diplomacy known as Konfrontasi. In wrecking the prospects for MAPHILINDO, Konfrontasi had underscored the importance of regionalism by demonstrating the high costs of the use of force to settle intra -regional conflicts. After fundamental political change, Indonesia’s decision to renounce Konfrontasi served as a model for its neighbours and raised the possibility of a regional order based on the non-use of force in inter-state relations. While interest in regionalism among the five member states of ASEAN was a result of varied geopolitical considerations, all recognised ASEAN’s value as a fr amework through which to prevent a return to a Konfrontasi-like situation. From a book published by a leading Indian academic on Southeast Asian regional issues, 2001. Source B ASEAN was the manifestation of the member states’ recognition of their inability to solve their conflicts on a bilateral basis. This realization prompted the leaders to seek solutions beyond their national boundaries. In this sense the Association was seen as providing the indigenous machinery whereby intraregional conflicts could be minimized if not settled. In addition the Association was viewed as a convenient institution that could minimize feelings of insecurity and increase economic bargaining power by providing strength t