P1 SAJC 2019 END OF THE COLD WAR

1 © SAJC 2019 9752/01/19 Preliminary Examinations ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examination General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2HISTORYPaper 1 Shaping the International Order, 1945-2000 9752/013 September 20193 hoursAdditional Materials: Answer PaperREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite your name and class on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.Section AAnswer Question 1.Section BAnswer two questions.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question No.MarksSection A1 (a)/ 10 1 (b)/ 30Section B/30/30Total Marks: /100 This document consists of 5 printed pages. [Turn over

2 © SAJC 2019 9752/01/19 Preliminary Examinations Section AYou must answer Question 1. THE END OF BIPOLARITY1 Read the sources and answer the questions which follow.Source A Our relations with socialist countries, including the allies of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, entered a difficult, critical stage. The transition to the principle of equality and mutual responsibility, which began in April 1985, gave us an opportunity to remove many layers and eliminate perceptions of our conservatism. Perestroika, the development of democratization, and glasnost, confirmed the role of the Soviet Union as the leader in the process of socialist renewal. More and more, we are influencing our friends by our own example, by political means.The European socialist countries found themselves in a powerful magnetic field of the economic growth and social well-being of the Western European states. As a consequence, in a number of socialist countries, the process of rejection of the existing political institutions and the ideological values by the societies is already underway now. Authoritarian methods and direct pressure have clearly outlived themselves. In the political sphere, even in the case of a sharp deterioration of the situation in one of the countries—and we cannot exclude such a possibility today—it is very unlikely that we would be able to employ the methods of 1956 and 1968, both as a matter of principle, but also because of unacceptable consequences. Therefore, essentially, our only methods of leverage could be our political and economic ties. Memorandum from the CPSU’s International Department, February 1989. Source BThe Kremlin's pregnant silence these days, as Poland prepares to install its first non-Communist government since the early postwar years, is widel