2013 VJC H2 Geography P2 QP

This question paper consists of 4 printed pages VICTORIA JUNIOR COLLEGE Preliminary Examination GEOGRAPHY Higher 2 9730/02 Paper 2 Human Geography Monday 23rd September 2013 3 hours victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college victoria junior college READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and class on all answer sheets that you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

2 Section A Answer all questions. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Fig. 1 shows the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita in 2001. (a) With reference to Fig. 1, describe the patterns of GNI per capita in 2001. [4] (b) Suggest possible reasons for the patterns you have described in (a). [5] (c) To what extent does the pattern of GNI per capita in 2001 shown in Fig. 1 correspond to Brandt’s North-South divide? [3] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Fig. 2A shows the global ecological footprint between 1961 and 2001 and Fig. 2B shows the ecological footprint of various countries in 2004. (a) Define the term ecological footprint. [1] (b) With reference to Fig. 2A, describe the change in the global ecological footprint between 1961 and 2001. [2] (c) With reference to Fig. 2B , describe the differences in the ecological footprint of various countries. [3] (d) Account for the patterns you have described in (b) and (c). [6] Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Fig. 3 shows a model of residential mobility in cities in less developed countries. (a) With reference to Fig. 3, describe the distribution of municipal housing zones. [3] (b) Describe the pattern of migration into the city shown in Fig. 3. [3] (c) Suggest reasons for the inward and outward migration flows shown in Fig. 3. [6]

3 Urban and Population Issues and Challenges 4 Fig. 4 shows some population characteristics for the inner cities and suburbs in the United Kingdom. (a) With reference to Fig. 4 , compare the population characteristics of the inner cities and the suburbs. [3] (b) Explain how the population characteristics of the inner cities and the suburbs shown in Fig. 4 may influence housing policies in the future. [5] (c) Describe how you would conduct fieldwork to investigate whether an inner city neighbourhood has undergone gentrification. [6] Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) Explain why re- skilling has become important in the global economy and briefly outline the role of the government in re-skilling the labour force. [9] (b) TNCs will always bring positive impacts to their host economies. Discuss. [16] 5 OR (a) Describe and explain the changes in the quaternary sector and quinary sector. [9] (b) Assess the extent to which states have been successful in attracting foreign direct investment. [16]

4 Population Issues and Challenges 6 EITHER (a) With reference to examples, describe and explain differences in mortality between DCs and LDCs. [9] (b) The benefits of migration outweigh the costs. Discuss. [16] 6 OR (a) Describe the impacts of transnational migration. [9] (b) All DCs will event ually reach Stage 5 of t he demographic transition model (DTM). Discuss. [16] Urban Issues and Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Distinguish between suburbanisation, re-urbanisation and counter- urbanisation. [9] (b) To what extent are traffic problems better managed in DCs than LDCs? [16] 7 OR (a) With reference to examples, distinguish between global cities, primate cities and mega cities. [9] (b) The decentralisation of people and activities from central cities has mostly been beneficial. Discuss the validity of the statement. [16]