2013 NYJC H2 Geography P2 QP

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE Year 2 Preliminary Examination H2 GEOGRAPHY 9730/02 Human Geography 20 Sept 2013 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper Insert World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. The Insert contains all the Figures referred to in the question paper. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the questions. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 5 printed pages and 1 insert. [Turn over

2 Higher 2 Geography / 9730 / Paper 2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Table 1 shows selected countries of apparel exporters, 1980, 1990, 2000. (a) Using Table 1, describe the trends in apparel exports in 1980, 1990 and 2000 . [6] (b) Account for the changes in trends in apparel exports over the 3 decades. [6] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Fig. 1 shows a comparison of population statistics and measures of development among five countries. (a) What do the letters HDI mean? [1] (b) Explain why the HDI may be a better indicator of a country’s level of development than GDP per capita. [3] (c) Describe the relationship between natural increase (NI) and GDP per capita. [2] (d) Assess the extent to which political factors may help explain the varying levels of HDI among the countries shown. [6] Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Fig. 2 shows the bid-rent lines for selected land uses in an urban area. (a) With reference to Fig. 2, explain the concept of bid-rent theory. [3] (b) Using information from Fig. 2 and urban areas you have studied, explain the usefulness of the bid-rent in explaining the pattern of land use in urban areas. [6] (c) Suggest three possible ways in which land use in urban areas may deviate from the bid-rent theory. [3]

3 Higher 2 Geography / 9730 / Paper 2 Population Issues and Challenges & Globalisation of Economic Activity 4 Walmart, an American TNC, is the largest retailer in the world. Fig.3A shows Walmart’s number of stores worldwide. Fig.3B shows Walmart’s ecological footprint as indicated by its electricity consumption and carbon emissions (a) Describe the growth of Walmart’s stores worldwide. [1] (b) Give two reasons for the rapid expansion of Walmart’s operations. [4] (c) What do you understand by the term ecological footprint? [2] (d) Using Fig.3B, describe and explain Walmart’s ecological footprint. [7]

4 Higher 2 Geography / 9730 / Paper 2 Section B Answer two questions from this section. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) Using examples, explain the impact of new technologies on production and labour. [9] (b)To what extent is it true that the economic success of newly industrialised economies (NIEs) is due to their strong government interventionist policies? [16] OR (a) Using examples, discuss the concept of production chain and its importance in the global economy. [9] (b) ‘Globalisation will lead to increasing diminution of the role of the nation -state by means of treaties, international organi sations, free-trade agreements, etc.’ To what extent is this true of the roles of supranational bodies in the econom ic development of either a country or a regional grouping of countries. [16] Population Issues and Challenges 6 EITHER (a) Using examples, describe the causes and characteristics of regions experiencing underpopulation. [9] (b) ‘What works in one country may not work in another’. To what extent is this statement true of pro-natalist policies in the developed countries? [16] OR (a) With the help of examples, describe how government policies can affect the flow of international migration. [9] (b) Give reasons for, and discuss the impact of the increasing feminization of migrant labour in sending and receiving destinations. [16]

5 Higher 2 Geography / 9730 / Paper 2 Urban Issues and Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Using examples, describe and explain the distinctive politic al, economic and social characteristics of some world cities. [9] (b) With reference to urban areas you have studied, outline their housing problems and assess the success of management strategies in overcoming these problems. [16] OR (a) Account for the causes of socio-economic segregation in urban areas. [9] (b) Discuss the impacts that could result from the decentralisation of population and economic activities from cities in the developed world. Provide examples. [16] End of Paper