MJC JC2 H2P2 GEOG PE QP 2008

This document consists of 4 printed pages and an insert. [Turn over] JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2008 GEOGRAPHY (H2) PAPER 2 9730/2 1300 - 1600hrs 17 SEP 2008 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and Civics Group clearly on all your answer scripts. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Answer all questions in Section A. Answer 2 questions in Section B. Start each question on a fresh sheet of paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely in chronological order and hand them in together. The number of marks is given in the brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. You should make a reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where the examples are not specifically requested by the question. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn wherever they serve to illustrate an answer. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

9730/2 2 Section A (Data Response) Answer all questions. Population Issues and Challenges 1. Figure 1 shows the density of population by region for Chile, an LEDC in Latin America, in 2002. a) Define the term ‘population density’. [2] b) Describe the overall pattern of population density in Chile shown in Figure 1. [4] c) Using examples, explain why population density is a poor indicator of overpopulation. [6] The Globalisation of Economic Activity 2. Figure 2 shows employment in the major maquiladora centres along the border between the United States and Mexico in 1996. A maquiladora is an assembly plant to which components and materials from the United States are imported duty-free, providing the products are then exported. a) Suggest reasons for the concentration of maquiladoras in the border zone. [6] b) Assess the impacts of the growth of the maquiladoras on the Mexican economy. [6] Urban Issues and Challenges 3. Figure 3 shows an extract from The Sunday Times (UK) showing information about North Peckham housing estate in the London borough (district) of Southwark. a) Using information from Figure 3, (i) identify one social and one demographic indicator of deprivation; (ii) give one economic and one demographic reason for deprivation. [2] [4] b) Explain how population movement has contributed to social segregation within an urban area. [6] Population & Urban Issues and Challenges 4. Figure 4A shows the percentage of black population in New York City, USA, using census data from 2000. Fig 4B shows the location of the city’s five boroughs. (i) State one way in which under-enumeration (the problem of counting fewer people than actually live there) may occur in a population census. [1] (a) (ii) Explain the possible consequences of under-enumeration in a population census. [4]

9730/2 3 b) Describe the spatial distribution within New York of the areas which recorded 69 - 91% black population in 2000. [3] c) Why does residential differentiation by race occur within many large cities? [6] Section B (Essay) Answer any 2 questions from this section. Population Issues and Challenges 5 Either (a) What factors may affect the timing of the demographic transition experienced by different countries? Use examples to support your answer. [9] (b) To what extent do you agree that economic transnational migration is usually beneficial to both sending and receiving countries? [16] Or (a) Using the I=PAT model, explain the relationship between population growth and resource utilization. [9] (b) Japan is an MEDC with an ageing population. Japan’s National Institute of Population has predicted that the population will be extinct (zero) by the year 3387. To what extent do you agree that such predictions are of limited value? [16] The Globalisation of Economic Activity 6 Either (a) Explain how supranational organisations have influenced the economic development of LDCs. [9] (b) To what extent do you agree that for LDCs, the globalisation of economic activity is a new form of dependency on DCs? [16] Or (a) How has global economic change affected work? [9] (b) To what extent do you agree that a country’s trade is determined by factors which are beyond its control? Support your answer with examples. [16]

9730/2 4 Urban Issues and Challenges 7 Either (a) Explain how globalisation of economic activity has influenced the form and structure of central cities in both Developed and Less Developed Countries. [9] (b) Using examples, outline the causes of housing problems in cities of Developed Countries (DCs) and critically evaluate the success of attempts to overcome these problems. [16] Or (a) Using examples, explain how a) historical factors and b) government planning can influence urban structure. [9] (b) Illustrating with examples, critically evaluate the priorities that are likely to influence the future form of cities in DCs. [16] ---------- END OF PAPER ---------