IJC 2008 H1 Geography Prelim2 Paper Question

2 Section A Answer four questions from this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 1 Figs. 1A, B and C show information about the San Andreas Fault. (a) With reference to the Fig. 1A, describe the frequency and intensity of earthquakes caused by the plate boundaries around the region. [5] (b) Account for the occurrence of earthquakes and slippage along the San Andreas Fault using Figs. 1B and 1C. [7] The Globalisation of Economic Activity 2 Fig. 2A shows the average annual growth rates in GNP per capita for selected countries from 1995 to 2006 while Fig. 2B shows the average percentage of growth in manufacturing in South Korea from 1971 to 2000. (a) (i) Explain briefly what is meant by ‘average annual growth rates in GNP per capita’. [2] (ii) Describe and account for the trends in the average annual growth rates in GNP per capita of the European countries shown in Fig. 2A. [5] (b) Despite the decline in the average percentage growth in manufacturing in South Korea from 1991 to 2000 as shown in Fig. 2B, explain why South Korea still enjoys a relatively high annual growth rate in GNP per capita for the same period in Fig. 2A. [5] Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 3 Either Fig. 3 shows a profile of a river . (a) Describe how the channel varies in relation to change in discharge and velocity from its source to mouth. [3] (b) Account for the differences between the features that may form at regions B and C as shown in Fig. 3. [5] (c) Explain how you would calculate the infiltration rates in a confined area. [4]

3 Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Or Fig. 4 shows problems which develop when large numbers of people move into cities in countries in the developing world. (a) Describe and account for the problems as shown in Fig. 4. [6] (b) Do you think it is possible for authorities to manage such problems in cities in developing countries? Explain your answer. [6] Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management and Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 4 Either Study Photograph A which shows a section of a river channel and its valley side. (a) Draw a fully labeled field sketch of the photograph to illustrate the principal slope and fluvial features shown. [6] (b) Explain how the processes acting upon the slopes (i) change the nature of the slope and (ii) influence the processes taking place in the river. [8] The Globalization of Economic Activity and Urban Issues and Challenges 4 Or Fig. 5 shows the world’s most populated cities. (a) Describe the patterns of the world’s most populated cities. [3] (b) Account for the growth of huge cities in Asia. [5] (c) With reference to both Europe and Asia, explain whether the urbanisation trends in these 2 regions are related to their respective FDI patterns. [6]

4 Section B Physical Geography Answer one question from this section. Lithospheric Processes, Hazards and Management 5 Either (a) Describe the characteristics of the 3 different rock types. [9] (b) Compare the effectiveness of factors affecting weathering processes. [16] 5 Or (a) Describe the effects of volcanic eruptions using specific examples. [9] (b) With the use of diagrams, discuss the weathering of granite and limestone and their resultant landforms. [16] Hydrologic Processes, Hazards and Management 6 Either (a) Describe the differences between braided and meandering channels. [9] (b) Evaluate the strategies used to resolve the conflict of interests within and between riparian states. [16] 6 Or (a) Explain the components of the storm hydrograph. [9] (b) Account for the differences in the way DCs and LDCs respond to hazards caused by river floods. [16]

5 Section C Human Geography Answer one question from this section The Globalisation of Economic Activity 7 Either (a) Explain the strategies used by named TNCs to adapt to the increasing globalized world. [9] (b) With reference to named examples, evaluate the impact of supranational organizations on individual member countries. [16] 7 Or (a) Explain the role of governments in the new international division of labour. [9] (b) ‘The development gap between the rich and poor countries has widened in today’s globalised era’. Assess the validity of this statement. [16] Urban Issues and Challenges 8 Either (a) Describe and account for the growth of megacities in both DCs and LDCs. [9] (b) Discuss the strategies that have been used to solve housing problems in large urban areas. [16] 8 Or (a) Explain the factors that have given rise to urban segregation in cities of both DCs and LDCs. [9] (b) Do you agree that centrifugal forces are the most dominant forces influencing cities in developed countries? Discuss. [16]