Social_Studies_SEQ__2_

CHAPTER 1 Attributes shaping citizenship ● Citizenship by legal status ● Descent ​ , where if one of the parents are Singaporean, their children are automatically offered citizenship. ○ Singapore ​ practises citizenship by descent. ● Country of birth, ​ where citizenship is awarded as long as you are born in a country. ○ Singapore ​ does not practise this method of citizenship ● Marriage ​ , where by marrying a citizen of another country, you can be offered citizenship. ○ Singapore ​ practises this, although you first have to become a PR and pass a few tests. ● Naturalisation, ​ where citizenship is offered to those who have immigrated to a country for a long period of time. ○ Singapore ​ practises this method of citizenship. ● Citizenship shaped by identity ○ Identity ■ A sense of national identity comes from a shared belief of belonging to the same country as other people. ■ Common practices such as singing the National Anthem and taking the National Pledge, as well as celebrating National Day can create a sense of national identity ● Citizenship shaped by participation ● Participation ○ Participation in public affairs or matters of general concern in society also shapes a person’s citizenship. ○ They can contribute as individuals or as organised groups. CHAPTER 2 Challenges in Deciding What is Good for Society ● Differing needs and interests ○ Within a society, there is a challenge in deciding on what is good for society. ○ Different people have different needs and interests and this leads to people disagreeing on what is more important to them and the extent of what they will be willing to give up for the benefit of society ○ A society can probably agree on basic needs such as the need for clothing food shelter and et cetera. ○ However, a diverse society may not be able to agree on common interests and what is important for a happy or fulfilling life. ○ For example, when the divisive decision was made to drill through the Central Catchment Reserve while constructing the Cross-Island Line, there was much debate between the camps for and against it. ■ Nature groups opposed it, stating that the construction would negatively impact the environment. ■ However, working class people, especially those who had to commute from other parts of Singapore to the Central Business District supported the move as it would benefit them. ○ As society only has limited resources, it would be impossible to meet everyone’s needs and interests fully. ○ As such, decisions on how the resources should be used would need to be made. ● Differing priorities ○ Besides differing needs and interests, there could also be disagreement on priorities. ○ Citizens of a country may agree that it is important for the country to provide affordable healthcare, a good education and a clean environment. ○ However, citizens may disagree on what area the government should prioritise. ○ For instanc