ENGLISH CRASH COURSE 2022

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Situational Writing 7 Informal Letter 7 Structure of informal letters 8 Informal Email 9 Structure of informal emails 9 Formal Letter 11 Structure of formal letters 12 Formal Email 13 Structure of formal emails 13 Proposal Report 15 Structure for proposal reports 15 Speech 17 Structure of speeches 18 Article 19 Structure of articles 19 Internal Letter 21 Structure of internal letters 22 Free Writing 23 Narrative/Recount 23 Structure of narrative/recount essays 24 Descriptive 29 Structure of descriptive essays 30 Argumentative 34 Structure of Argumentative Essays 35 PEEL Method 36 Rebuttals 37 Discursive 39 Structure of discursive essays 40 Two-Part 41 General Composition Tips 43 Introduction to Comprehension 45 Question Types (Section A) 46 Suggest Questions 47 Vocab Questions 49 Direct Questions 50 Question Types (Sections B and C) 51 Direct Questions 52 Language Questions 53

Example Questions 55 Literary Questions 56 Inference Questions 58 Summary 60 Editing on the text itself 60 8x10 table 61 Tips for Summary Writing 61 Tips for Content 61 Tips for Style 62 General Comprehension Tips 64 QnA 66

Composition Guide

Situational Writing SItuational writing consists of 20m and is generally the easier essay out of the two to score as it is more structured and requires a lot less creativity on the students’ part. Informal Letter Informal letters are usually sent to those who havecloser relationships with the sender.It is for this reason that such letters are usually: -The tone is warmer and friendlier, but can be persuasive as well depending on the context. -The letter has less of a ‘transactional’ tone. -Contractions can be used -Use more casual transition markers (e.g. can you believe that?). You will know to write an informal letter when the question tells you that you are writing a letter to one of your parents/close friends/siblings/relatives (basically anyone that is meant to be close to you).

Structure of informal letters Mary Tan 123 Sengkang Way, Singapore #01-45 152732 10 June 2022 Dear Mary, (Use the name that you will usually use to address this person) Paragraph 1: Introduction -Check in on the person you are writing to, ask how they have been. -Tell them why you are writing this letter. -Remember to includecontext(e.g. I need your adviceon what activities to include for my school’s carnival.) Paragraphs 2-4: Body Paragraphs -Answerallthe bullet points -Develop each idea coherently (i.e. elaborate on each point, do not simply state it and move on without further adding on). -Use the ideas given by the visual stimulus before using your own. -Try not to lift the text that comes with the stimulus. Paragraph 5: Conclusion -Restate purpose and request for a reply (e.g. I hope you can reply to me as early as possible, as…) Best wishes, John

Informal Email Similar to an informal letter, informal emails are usually written to those who are closer to us. Therefore, the underlying tone of the letter should be more sentimental and less transactional. Note that: -Refer toInformal Letter. Structure of informal emails To:marytan@gmail.com From:johnlim@hotmail.com Subject: Activities for my school’s carnival Date: 10 June 2022 Dear Mary, (Use the name that you will usually use to address this person) Paragraph 1: Introduction -Check in on the person you are writing to, ask how they have been. -Tell them why you are writing this letter. -Remember to includecontext(e.g. I need your adviceon what activities to include for my school’s carnival.) Paragraphs 2-4: Body Paragraphs -Answerallthe bullet points

-Develop each idea coherently (i.e. elaborate on each point, do not simply state it and move on without further adding on). -Use the ideas given by the visual stimulus before using your own. -Try not to lift the text that comes with the stimulus. Paragraph 5: Conclusion -Restate purpose and request for a reply (e.g. I hope you can reply to me as early as possible, as…) Best regards, John

Formal Letter Formal letters are usually written to someone with authority, and their purpose is usually to implement change of some sort. Therefore, the tone of the letter has to beconvincingand confident. As you may not be as close to the recipient, using a friendlier tone is generally frowned upon. Instead, one should opt for a moreprofessionaltone(i.e. keep the topic strictly to the work at hand; do not deviate and inquire about their personal lives, not even in the introduction). You will know to write a formal letter if the person you need to write to is someone with authority or with high social status(e.g. moviestars, celebrities, etc) Take note that: -All paragraphs are to be aligned to the left. -No two finger spacing is allowed. -Leave a line between paragraphs. -Tone is usually polite, do not be rude. -Use formal transition markers (e.g. thus, moreover, etc).

Structure of formal letters John Lim 123 Sengkang Way, Singapore 152732 10 June 2022 Mary Tan (Full name of recipient) Senior Teacher (Recipient’s title) MOE Incorporated (Recipient's company) 112 Orchard Road (If the sender is from the same organisation,do notinclude an address) 193831 Dear Mrs Tan, (Use recipient’s surname) Advice on Activities for the School Carnival(Underlinetitle, prepositions are inlower case) Paragraph 1: Introduction -Tell them why you are writing this letter. -Remember to includecontext(e.g. I request your adviceon what activities to include for my school’s carnival.) Paragraphs 2-4: Body Paragraphs -Answerallthe bullet points -Develop each idea coherently (i.e. elaborate on each point, do not simply state it and move on without further adding on). -Use the ideas given by the visual stimulus before using your own. -Try not to lift the text that comes with the stimulus. Paragraph 5: Conclusion -Restate purpose and request for a reply (e.g. I hope that you can reply to me when convenient). -Remember your tone; this is a formal letter. Do not ask for the recipient to reply quickly as it shows disrespect (unless required by the question). Yours sincerely/Yours faithfully, John Lim (Use full name) Head Councillor (Title held) Park View Secondary School (Company/School)