Beatty 4E History Prelims 2022 QP + Answer Key

BEATTY SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2022 SECONDARY FOUR EXPRESS CANDIDATE NAME CLASS REGISTER NUMBER HUMANITIES 2273/02 Paper 2 History 22 August 2022 Setter: Ms Ellie Soh 1 hour 40 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write your name, class and index number in the spaces provided above and on all writing papers you use. Answer all parts of Question 1 from Section A. Answer one question from Section B. You are required to start Section B on a fresh sheet of paper. Hand in your answers for Section A and B separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 0 blank pages. [Turn over]

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. What can you learn from the source about US response to the missile threat from Cuba? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Source B. Why did the cartoonist publish the cartoon? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Source C. Are you surprised by Source C regarding Soviet’s reason for installing missiles in Cuba? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Sources D and E. Does Source E prove that Source D is right? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. “The US blockade of Cuba in 1962 was justified.” How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

3 The Cuban Missile Crisis BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a dangerous confrontation between the United States of America (USA) and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. With both countries holding on to the world’s first nuclear weapons, USA’s President John F. Kennedy and Soviet’s Premier Nikita Khrushchev struggled to de -escalate mounting tensions over Cuba. By 14 October 1962, Soviet missile installations in Cuba were sighted by American spy planes, and USA decided to respond with a naval blockade. On 24 October 1962 , Soviet ships bound for Cuba neared the line of US vessels enforcing the blockade. Given the height of Cold War tensions, questions were raised on Kennedy’s decision of imposing the naval blockade. Was the US blockade of Cuba in 1962 justified? Source A: Adapted from a report written by a U.S Marine, published in 1990. President Kennedy chose to employ a naval “quarantine” in his initial action against the Soviet Union in the Cuban Missile Crisis. The only difference between a blockade and a quarantine was that a blockade was an act of war and a quarantine, at least in name, was not. Historically, blockades had been very effective weapons which would sooner or later bring an enemy to its knees and to which even the United States was vulnerable. However, it is probable that without the implicit threat of air strike or inva sion, the blockade alone, while it could have prevented Soviet ships from bringing additional missiles to Cuba, could not have forced the removal of the missiles already present. [Turn over]

4 Source B: A cartoon published in an American newspaper on 24 October 1962. Title of Cartoon: You’re Threatening the Peace of the World! Source C: Adapted from Khrushchev’s autobiography, published internationally in 2004. Everyone agreed that America would not leave Cuba alone unless we did something. We had an obligation to do everything in our power to protect Cuba’s existence as a Communist country and as a working example to other countries in Latin America. I want to make one thing absolutely clear. We had no desire to start a war. Only a fool would think that we wanted to invade the American continent from Cuba. Our aim was the opposite. We wanted to keep the Americans from invading Cuba. Nikita Khrushchev Offensive Weapons for Cuba

5 Source D: Adapted from an excerpt from the radio and television address by President Kennedy, 22 October 1962. Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. Each of the missiles is capable of striking Washington, D.C., the Panama Canal, Cape Canaveral, Mexico City, or any other city in the south -eastern part of the United States, in Central America, or in the Caribbean are a… To halt this offensive build up, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated. All ships of any kind bound for Cuba from whatever nation or port will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back. This quarantine will be extended, if needed, to other types of cargo and carriers. We are not at this time, however, denying the necessities of life as the Soviets attempted to do in their Berlin blockade of 1948. Source E: Adapted from a speech by the Russian Ambassador in the United Nations General Assembly, 23 October 1962. Yesterday, the United States Government placed the Republic of Cuba under a virtual naval blockade, flouting the rules of international conduct and the principles of the UN Charter. The United States has granted itself the right to attack the ships of other states on the high seas, which is nothing less than undisguised piracy… The allegation that the Soviet Union has set up offensive weapons in Cuba were false. The Soviet delegation hereby officially confirms the statements already made about this allegation and reiterates that the Soviet government has never sent and is not currently sending offensive weapons of any kind to Cuba. [Turn over]

6 Section B: Structured-Essay Questions Answer one question. 2 This question is on World War II in Asia-Pacific. (a) Explain why Japan attacked Pearl Harbour in December 1941. [8] (b) ‘Allied victory in the war in Asia -Pacific was mainly due to the weaknesses of Japan .’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] 3 This question is on the Cold War. (a) Explain why the Soviet Union and the USA were unable to agree during the wartime conferences. [8] (b) ‘The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was mainly due to Gorbachev’s policies.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] --End of Paper-- Copyright Acknowledgement Source A https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/When%20The%20Russians%20Blinked- %20The%20U_S_%20Maritime%20Response%20To%20The%20Cuban%20Missile%20Crisis.pdf Source B https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016680843/ Source C Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev Source D https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kencuba.htm Source E https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/cuban-missile-debate-un-1962/

7 SEC 4 EXPRESS PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2022 [HISTORY] SUGGESTED LORMS Section A: Source-Based Case Study 1a. Study Source A. What can you learn from the source about US response to the missile threat from Cuba? Explain your answer. [5] - Target Skill: Inference Level Descriptor Marks L1 Copies or describes the source with no inference made e.g. I can learn from the source that President Kennedy chose to employ a naval “quarantine” in h