Springfield 4E 2023 History Answer Key

1 SPRINGFIELD SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2023 Secondary 4 Express/ 5 Normal Academic HUMANITIES 2273/02 Paper 2 History 24 August 2023 (The Making of the Contemporary World Order, 1900s –1991) 1 hour 40 minutes Additional Materials: Writing paper MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARKS: 50

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study 1(a) Study Source A. Are you surprised by Source A? Explain your answer. [5] Level Descriptor Marks L1 Answers which do not consider the concept of surprise E.g. Source A shows that Trotsky has proved his outstanding ability. 1 L2 Surprise/lack of surprise in content/context Award the higher mark for answers with supporting details. E.g. I am surprised by Source A as Lenin was critical about Stalin in the testament. It is surprisingly as in the early years of their association, Lenin regarded Stalin as a loyal and capable party member. Stalin played a significant role during the Russian Revolution and the Civil War, and he held important positions within the Communist party [2]. Or E.g. I am not surprised by Source A as it shows that Lenin felt that Trotsky was the best person to succeed him, This is supported by “Comrade Trotsky, on the other hand, has already proved his outstanding ability. He is perhaps the most capable man in the present.” Therefore, in Source A, Lenin felt that there was another contender, Trotsky, who had better qualities than Stalin to succeed him. [3] 2-3 L3 Surprise/lack of surprise through cross-referencing to other sources Award the higher mark for well-developed answers. E.g. I am not surprised by Source A as it shows that Lenin felt that Trotsky was the best person to succeed him, This is supported by “Comrade Trotsky, on the other hand, has already proved his outstanding ability. He is perhaps the most capable man in the present.” Therefore, in Source A, Lenin felt that there was another contender, Trotsky, who had better qualities than Stalin to succeed him. However, when I cross-refer Source A to Source B, Source B challenges the idea that Trotsky had better qualities than Stalin to succeed Lenin. [3] Source B states that “While he was a brilliant orator, he had too many characteristics that made it extraordinarily hard to work with him. He was not a ‘natural comrade ’ compared to Stalin.” This shows that Trotsky had numerous negative traits as a leader and not the best candidate to succeed Leni n. Since Source B challenges Source A , Source A is not reliable and hence, I am surprised. 3-4 L4 L3 + Lack of surprise through eval uating the purpose of the source OR contextual knowledge E.g. I am not surprised by what Lenin says about Trotsky. Source A is from Lenin himself, as he wanted to criticize (verb) Stalin's leadership and highlight Trotsky as a potential successor. By doing so, Lenin hoped that the Politburo (the audience) would support Trotsky over Stalin as his successor (intended impact) . Therefore, I am not surprised by Source A as it is reliable. [5] 5

3 Or Based on my contextual knowledge, Lenin wanted to remove Stalin as the Secretary- General of the Communist Party because he felt that Stalin was too ambitious and could potentially abuse his power. Therefore, he believed that Trotsky was a better candidate to succeed him. Therefore, I am not surprised by Source A as it is reliable . [5] 1(b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source B prove that Source C was wrong about Stalin’s rise to power? Explain your answer. [6] Level Descriptor Marks L1 Repeats details of the source or undeveloped provenance E.g. Source B proves that Source C was wrong as Source B is from a Communist Party member while Source C is from a Russian Historian. 1 L2 Answers only analyse either Source B or Source C E.g. Source B proves that Source C was wrong as Source B is from a Communist Party member. Source B shows that Stalin was able to rise to power due to Trotsky’s weakness. Or E.g. Source B proves that Source C was wrong as Source B is from a Communist Party member. Source C shows that Stalin was able to rise to power due to his manipulations. 2 L3 Sources disagree, so Source B prove that Source C was wrong Award the higher mark for supporting details in both sources. E.g. Source B proves that Source C was wrong as both disagree on the reason for the rise of Stalin. Source B states that it was Trotsky’s unpopularity that led to the rise of Stalin while Source C states that it was due to Stalin’s manipulations. [3] The evidence from Source B is, “While he was a brilliant orator, he had too many characteristics that made it extraordinarily hard to work with him.” This shows that Trotsky had numerous negative traits as a leader and unable to build up his own support and allies from within the party, paving the way for Stalin to take advantage of his weakness and rise to power. On the other hand, the evidence from Source C is, “Stalin's strategic planning and manipulation of party dynamics were indeed remarkable. He skillfully built alliances and secured the support of key party members to further h is ambition.” By skillfully employing these tactics, Stalin outmaneuvered and manipulated his opponents, Trotsky, and solidified his grip on power on Soviet Union. Since Source B disagrees with Source C, Source B proves that Source C was wrong about the rise of Stalin. [4] 3-4 L4 L4: L3 + Identifies the disagreement but uses cross -reference to decide which was lying 5

4 E.g. L3 + The sources clearly disagree on the reason for the rise of Stalin. In addition, Source B cannot be used to prove Source C was wrong because Source D challenges Source B. Source D states that it was Stalin’s manipulations that led to the downfall of Trotsky. This is supported by “I was even deceived about the date of the funeral. Stalin presumed correctly that I would never think of verifying it, and later he could always find an explanation.” Since Source D challenges Source B, Source B is unreliable and therefore, cannot be used to prove that Source C is wrong. L5 L4 + Answers make an evaluation on the provenance of Source B or C. E.g. L4 + Source B cannot be used to prove that Source C is lying as Source B is biased and not reliable. Source B is taken from a supporter of Stalin, and his purpose is to criticise (verb) Trotsky and highlight his flaws so that the people of Soviet Union (audience) wil be more inclined to support Stalin as the rightful successor of Lenin in comparison to Trotsky (intended impact). Furthermore, being a supporter of Stalin, the Communist Party member had a clear motive to assist Stalin by tarnishing the reputation of his political opponent. 6 1(c) Study Source D. How useful is this source to a historian studying Soviet Union in the 1920s ? Explain your answer. [6] Level Descriptor Marks L1 Repeats details of the source or undeveloped provenance E.g. It is useful because it is from Trotsky himself. 1 L2 Utility based on information in the source Award 2 marks for one aspect [useful OR not useful] and 3 marks for both aspects. E.g. The source is useful to a historian as it tells me that Stalin was able to rise to power as he was cunning and tricked Trotsky into missing Lenin’s funeral. [2] Or/And Eg. The source is not useful as it is unreliable due to its perceived bias. Trotsky's perspective seems to lay blame on Stalin's manipulation for his own downfall, which could potentially affect the objectivity of the information presented. [3] 2-3 L3 Utility through cross-referencing to other sources or historical knowledge Award the higher mark for a well-developed answer. The source is useful to a historian as it tells me that Stalin was able to rise to power as he was cunning and tricked Trotsky into missing Lenin’s funeral. This