2023 MFSS SEC3EXP Geog EOY MS

1 3EENDOFYEAREXAMINATION2023ANSWERSCHEME Answer Question1 Cluster 1: GeographyinEverydayLife 1 A group of students from Mayflower Secondary School investigated theexperience of visitors at the Gallop Extension in the Singapore BotanicGardens. The Gallop Extension is an eight hectare area with many featureswhich aim to bring nature closer to visitors while educating them onSingapore’sforest ecosystemsandconservationefforts. The students designed a closed-endedquestionnairetotest thehypothesis:‘Knowledge about the features of the Gallop Extension increases as thelengthof visit tothat part of theGardensincreases’. Study Fig. 1.1, which shows the map of the Gallop Extension in theSingaporeBotanicGardens.

2 Fig. 1.1 (a) Suggest asuitableguidingquestionfor their investigation. Possibleanswers:Knowledge about the features of the Gallop Extension increases as thelengthof visit tothat part of theGardensincreases’. Does the knowledge about the features of he Gallop Extension changeasthelengthof visit tothat part of theGardensincreases? Howdoesthelengthof visit totheGallopExtensionaffect theknowledgeof it? AO2 [1]

3 (b) The students decided to craft a questionnaire based on their hypothesisin (a). With reference to Fig 1.1, state two possible closed-endedquestions and their response options which the students could use fortheir questionnaire.Award 1m for stating each pair of question and response options, to amaximumof 2m. Possibleresponsesinclude:- Question: Howlongdidyouspendat theGallopExtension?Options: a)Lessthan1hour, b) Between1and2hours, c) Morethan2hours- Question: Howmanyfeaturesdidyouvisit at theGallopExtension?Options: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7- Question: HowmanytimeshaveyouvisitedtheGallopExtension?Options: a) Onceb) first timec)2-3timesc) morethanthrice AO2 [2] (c) Using information fromFig. 1.1, suggest howthe survey can be carriedout tocollect thedata. [3]Award 1m for the suggestion of the suitable sampling method and 2mfor thedescription of how it is carried out. Description must include information onwherethesamplingmethodiscarriedout. Possibleresponsescaninclude:● Students can use a simple random sampling method as it will help toremovethebiasthat couldstemfromselectionof visitors. [1]● This could be done at either of the entrances of Singapore BotanicGardens where people enter and exit by so as to approach visitorseasily.[1]● This can be done by using a randomnumber table in the selection ofvisitorsat aspecifictimeat thegate[1] AO2(d) Study Fig. 1.2 which providesdescriptionsof thedifferent featuresof theGallopExtensioninSingaporeBotanicGardens.

4 Fig. 1.2 (e) With reference to Fig. 1.2, describe twowaysthat visitorsmight increasetheir awareness about nature areas fromthe various features found intheGallopExtension. 1. From the forest discovery centre [1], they might be able to increasetheir awareness about natureareasthroughlearningabout thedifferentforest habitatsinSGandwaystocontributetoforest reforestation[1]2. Mingxin Foundation Rambler’s Ridge [1]helps visitors increase theirawareness about nature through showing the unique forest habitatsfoundonthetropical hillsof SEA.[1] Award 1m for identification of feature and 1m for each description onhowit helpstoincreaseawarenessof natureareas. AO1 [4] Study Fig. 1.3, which shows the Forest Restoration Action Plan inSingapore.

5 Forest RestorationActionPlan Fig. 1.3(f) Using information from Fig. 2, describe the distribution of the ForestRestorationsitesinSingapore. print colour [4] • The restoration sites are all mainly at the fringe/ edges of the naturereserves(1m)• Almost theentireBukit TimahNatureReservehasplansfor itsadjacentland to be restored such as Dairy Farm, Hindhede and Rifle Range NaturePark(1m)

6 • There are no plans for restoration sites inthenorthernor southernpartof theCentral Catchment NatureReserve(1m)• Springleaf Nature Park is located in the northwest andisfar awayfromtheother restorationsites(1m)AO2(g) With reference to studies that you have made, explain one way natureareasmight bedisadvantagedbylocal communities. 1. Soil erosionanddamagingvegetation.- When people hike along non-designated trails in nature areas, thismight cause soil compaction which prevents rainwater frominfiltratingthesurface.- This could lead to higher surface flows and soil erosion as the flowingwater washesawaythesoil particles.- Humans might trample on the vegetation, damaging the plants andaffectingtheir growth.- For example, in 2014, human activites led to severe soil erosion andhabitat degradation in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve which resulted inthelimitingof publicaccesstothenaturereservefor 2years. 2. Worseningpollutionanddisturbingwildlife- Litteringcanworsenpollutioninnatural areas- Animals can get cut by metal cans or become entangled with plasticcontainers and bags/ Some animals might mistake litter for food andconsume them, causing the animals to get hurt andsuffer, whichmightleadtodeath.- Feeding wildlife might also alter their eating habitsandbehavioursandhuman-wildlife conflict can increase when animals associate food withpeople.- For example, in Singapore, the law prohibits the feeding of any wildanimals and anyone caught intentionally feeding wildlife will be fined$5000onthefirst offence. Award1mfor eachpoint, for amaximumof 4m AO1 [4] (h) Photograph Ashows a cooking classfor senior citizenstakingplaceinavoiddeckinSingapore.

7 PhotographA Explain how the above activity in Photograph A might help to enhancethesenior citizen’ssenseof place. ● As seen in Photograph A, senior citizens are gathered at a HDB void deckparticipating in the cooking activity,[1] creating fond/positive memories of thisplace, resultinginastronger senseof place. [1]● As the residents positively interact with one another preparing meals together,residents associate the HDBvoiddeckasaninclusive/familiar placefor peopletogather andparticipateinactivitiestogether. [1] AO1 [3]

8 (i) Describehowlifeexpectancyrateisanindicator of development. As the country gets more developed, it will have more advanced medicaltechnology, whichwill leadtoahigher lifeexpectancyrate. AO1 [1] (j) Describethedifferencesbetweenaprecinct andtown. Precincts and Towns differ in terms of size [1]. Precincts are made up ofbetween 400 to 800 residential units while towns comprise a fewprecinctsof about 4000to6000residents. [1] They also differ in terms of facilities[1]. Towns have a variety of facilitiesincluding road networks and shops and schools whereas precincts mighthavesmaller facilitieslikeplaygroundstocater totheneighbourhood[1].AO1 [4] (k) Explain how the public warning systemin Singapore helps to reducetheriskof disasters. The public warning systemis a network of sirens placed at strategic pointsthroughout Singapore.[1]It helps to warn the public of imminent threats that mayendanger livesandproperty.[1]Hence during threats like natural and man-made disasters, the siren willwarn residents[1] where to go for safety so that they will be able to reducethenumber of casualtiesor deaths.[1]AO1 [4]

9 Answer Question22Climate 2 (a) (i) Onthediagrambelow, annotatetheformationof relief rainfall. 1. Prevailing winds pick up moisture over the sea, and push the moist airupthewindwardsideof amountain.2. Rising moist air cools and condenses on condensation nuclei at dewpoint temperature. Cloudsareformed.3. Water droplets in the clouds collide and coalesce, and when theybecome large and heavy enough, they fall to the ground asrainonthewindwardside.4. As most of the moisture has fallen on the windward side, the leewardsideexperiencesdrydescendingair andisthusdry. AO2AccurateAnnotations–4m [4] (ii) Describeonedifferencebetweenrelief andconvectional rainfall. EITHERThey are different in terms of the duration of the rainfall [1]. Relief rainfall canlasts up to days whereas convectional rainfall lasts for short periods of time(about half anhour).[1] OR Theyaredifferent intermsof formation[1]. Relief rainfall iscausedbyprevailingwinds bringing moisture over the s