2012 H2 Hist P2

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2012 HISTORY 9731/2 Paper 2: History of Southeast Asia 1900-1997 Tuesday 11th September 2012 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 1. Answer four questions. 2. You must answer Question 1 (Section A), and any three questions from Section B. 3. Enter the questions attempted in the table below. 4. Begin each question on a new sheet of paper. 5. Detach this cover page and staple your answers to the back of this page at the end of the examination 6. Fasten all your work securely together. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. NAME: CLASS: This question paper consists of 5 printed pages (including this page & 1 blank page) QUESTION NO. MARKS 1 /25 /25 /25 /25 TOTAL MARKS /100

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Section A You must answer Question 1. ASEAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1 Read the sources, and then answer the question. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A Except for Singapore, which could be said to be making virtue out of necessity, all the other ASEAN member states looked at the ASEAN Common Market as a zero sum game. They all feared that they would lose more markets than they would gain. They could not believe that the whole would be bigger than the sum of the parts. Each ASEAN nation scrambled for foreign investments in manufacturing. If the five ASEAN markets had been consolidated into one, each country would become even more attractive for the particular investment, without having to offer higher tariffs and more tax and financial incentives to the MNCs. On our part, Singapore chose the manufacturing of diesel engines as our ASEAN industrial project. From nowhere, out of the blue, the other ASEAN member states claimed they have already established, or planned to establish, diesel engine plants of the specified horse-power capacity. It was clear that no ASEAN member state was prepared to concede its market to the products of other ASEAN economy’s industrial project. Low interest loans in yen offered by Japan could not overcome the zero sum mindset of the ASEAN member states. From a memoir by a former top Singapore civil servant, 2006. Source B Manufactured and semi-manufactured products now show up in the ASEAN list of exports whereas previously there were very little. This change in pattern is a healthy sign for it shows that ASEAN countries are gradually getting away from their traditional roles as producers of raw commodities and are beginning to develop their manufacturing and processing sectors. It is for this reason , member countries have realised that there are great potentials to increase both intra -ASEAN and extra-ASEAN trade, and that member countries can complement one another in t