RJC 2008 HISTORY H2 P2 Prelims

RAFFLES JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examinations 2008 HISTORY 9731/02 Higher 2 10 September 2008 Paper 2 History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 3 hours COVER SHEET READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CT class on this cover sheet and all the work you hand in. Indicate the question numbers attempted in the space provided on the cover sheet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work and this cover sheet securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. : Name : CT class For Examiner’s Use Only Question No. Marks 1 TOTAL This cover sheet consists of 1 printed page only.

RAFFLES JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examinations 2008 HISTORY 9731/02 Higher 2 10 September 2008 Paper 2 History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 3 hours COVER SHEET READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CT class on the provided cover sheet and all the work you hand in. Indicate the question numbers attempted in the space provided on the cover sheet. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work and the provided cover sheet securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 4 printed pages, including this page. : Name : CT class Raffles Junior College 2008 1 [Turn over

Section A You must answer Question 1. ASEAN AND REGIONAL SECURITY COOPERATION 1 Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A Last night at dinner I asked Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman for his reaction to the press reports indicating that General Suharto had spoken in favo r of ASEAN having a role in the military field. It seemed clear to me that Thanat was not pleased with Suharto’s statement and asked rhetorically why it was necessary to make such a statement at th is time. Thanat said that the possibility of ASEAN entering the security field had been discussed and the consensus among the ASEAN countries had been that this might come at a later date. Thanat also reminded me of earlier conversations we had had in which he had also indicated his hope that eventually ASEAN once well established would be able to play a mutual or collective security role. Report from the US embassy in Bangkok to the US State Department in March 1968. Source B We, the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and the Special Envoy of the National Executive Council of Thailand: Do Hereby State: 1. That Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand are determined to exert initially necessary efforts to secure the recognition of, and respect for, South East Asia as a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality, free from any form or manner of interference by outside Powers; 2. That South East Asian countries should make concerted efforts to broaden the areas of cooperation which would contribute to their strength, solidarity and closer relationship. From the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration signed on 27 November 1971. Source C Third, because much of our foreign policy is made within the multilateral framework of ASEAN, with all its checks and balances, we have been able to arrive at mature positions, take mature actions, and establish mature policies. To be sure, some good policies may have been checked and balanced out of the picture, and that is a loss to the ASEAN community. But the ASEAN process has tended to ensure that the policies of each member state are not made strictly on a unilateral basis, in splendid isolation, outside a multilateral framework, and oblivious to the concerns and interests of our neighbours. Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Musa Hitam at a conference in Hawaii in 1985. Raffles Junior College 2008 2 [Turn over

Source D Whenever governments co-operate with security in mind, it is usual for their collective enterprise to assume some military form. ASEAN, as a corporate entity, has been a notable exception to this rule. Defence co-operation, beyond exchanges of intelligence, does take place among member states but primarily on a limited bilateral basis and then only outsi de of the formal institutional structure of the Association. The restricted nature of that co-operation supports the insistence of its governments that their multilateral arrangements have neither embodied the obligations nor assumed the structure of an alliance. From an academic work on ASEAN and regional security published in 1989. Source E Mechanisms such as the ASEAN Regional Forum and this post-ministerial conference complement our bilateral efforts to promote stability and prosperity. The ARF is already encouraging meaningful discussion of security issues, confidence-building measures, and other forms of cooperation. It is playing a valuable role in defusing tensions surrounding territorial claims in the South China Sea and the Spratly Islands. It can be particularly useful in supporting non-proliferation and the transparency of conventional arms transfers. US engagement in the ARF will deepen as we make further concrete progress on our work program – and on moving from confidence-building to preventive diplomacy. We will seek to ensure the ARF’s ability to discuss important regional security issues in a meaningful way. Speech by US Secretary of State Warren Christopher at the ASEAN Post-Ministerial Conference in Jakarta on 24 July 1996. Now answer the following question. ‘Since the 1970s, ASEAN attempts at regional peace and security cooperation have been largely unsuccessful.’ Use Sources A – E to show how far the evidence supports this statement. Raffles Junior College 2008 3 [Turn over

Raffles Junior College 2008 4 [Turn over Section B You must answer three questions from this section. You must support each answer with examples drawn from at least three countries. 2 To what extent was colonial rule responsible for strengthening Southeast Asian nationalist movements in the years 1918 – 1941? 3 ‘With reference to the period up to independence, World War Two proved to be the mortal blow to Western imperialism in Southeast Asia.’ Discuss. 4 Was military involvement in politics more of a help or a hindrance to democracy in the independent Southeast Asian states? 5 Assess the effects of government intervent ions in the economies of independent Southeast Asia. 6 Why were some tensions between Southeast Asian states since 1945 more difficult to resolve than others?