2013 PJC H2 Geo P2

PIONEER JC PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2013 GEOGRAPHY 9730/02 P a p e r 2 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 3 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Booklet / Paper 1 Insert World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. The Inserts 1 and 2 contain all the Figures and Photographs referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. . At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages and 0 blank page.

2 Section A Human Geography (H2) Answer all questions in this section Question 2 carries 14 marks and Questions 1, 3 and 4 carry 12 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Fig.1 shows imports and exports to and fro North America. (a) Using Fig. 1, describe the main features of North America’s trade. [3] (b) Account for the difference in trade flows between Caribbean & Latin America and Africa. [5] (c) Outline 2 reasons why globalis ation has increased t he volume of trade flows globally. [4] Population Issues & Challenges 2 Figs. 2A and 2B show the global differences in the percentage of elderly aged 60 or over in 2013 as compared to a 2050 forecast. (a) Compare how the percentage of el derly aged over 60 changes from 2013 to 2050(forecast) globally. [4] (b) The old age support ratio is project ed to decline from 9:1 to 4:1. How will this impact a country economically and socially? [5] (c) To what extent are projections as depicted in Fi g. 2B useful in understanding changes in population structure globally? [5] Urban Issues & Challenges 3 Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C depict features of favelas (slums) in Brazil. (a) With reference to Fi g. 3A, account for the location of favelas in Brazil. [2] (b) With reference to Figs. 3B and 3C, outline the social and economic conditions that may characterize the favelas in Brazil. [4] (c) Explain how you might undertake primary fieldwork to investigate the socioeconomic characteristics of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. [6]

3 Population Issues & Challenges/ Urbanisation Issues and Challenges 4 Figs. 4A and 4B show different features of Milton Keynes, a New Town in the United Kingdom. (a) With reference to Fig. 4A, ex plain the location of Milton Keynes. [3] (b) Explain how and why the populati on composition as depi cted in Fig. 4B varies for Milton Keynes as compared to England and Wales. [4] (c) To what extent have new towns li ke Milton Keynes accelerated the decline of central cities in the developed world? [5] Section B Human Geography (H2) Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) Explain why the global distribution of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) flows is often uneven. [9] (b) Discuss the view that Newly Indust rializing Economies (NIEs) have emerged as the greatest winners of globalisation processes. [16] 5 OR (a) With reference to a named TNC, describe and explain the reasons for its global spatial organization. [9] (b) To what extent are supranational bodies beneficial to national and regional economies? [16]

4 Population Issues & Challenges 6 EITHER (a) Define the term ‘ecological footprint’ and explain the uses and limitations of ecological footprints in appraising use of resources. [9] (b) ‘Pull factors are more important t han push factors in migration due to the desire inherent in men to better themselves.’ (Ravenstein, 1889). With reference to specific examples, discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [16] 6 OR (a) Explain the relationship between popul ation growth and resource utilisation as presented by Ehrlich and Holdren in the I=PAT theory. [9] (b) ‘Pro-natal policies are often less e ffective in influencing population growth as opposed to anti-natal policies.’ To what extent do you agree with this view? [16] Urban Issues & Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Explain how gentrification can address the issue of inner city decline. [9] (b) ‘The global economy has had an over whelming influence in shaping the urban structure of cities.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? [16] 7 OR (a) Describe strategies that can be undertaken to resolve the prevalence of substandard housing in LDCs. [9] (b) ‘The movement of populat ion away from central cities in the developed world has caused more harm than good.’ Discu ss the extent to which you agree with this statement. [16] End