2023 JPJC J2 H1 Prelims

Name:__________________________________________Class:_____________ JURONGPIONEERJUNIORCOLLEGEJC2PreliminaryExamination2023 HISTORY 8821/01Higher 1 13September2023 Paper1TheColdWarandtheModernWorld(1945–2000) 3hours Additional materials: WritingPaper READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRSTForCandidate’sUse For Examiner’sUse QuestionNumber MarksObtained 1(a) /10 1(b) /30 /30 /30 Total /100Writeyournameandcivicsclassonall theworkyouhandin.Writeindarkblueorblackpenonbothsidesofthepaper.Donotusestaples,paperclips,glueorcorrectionfluid. SectionAAnswer Question1. SectionBAnswer twoquestions. 1

Attheendoftheexamination,fastenall yourworksecurelytogether.Thenumberofmarksisgiveninbrackets[]attheendofeachquestionorpartquestion. YouareremindedoftheneedforgrammaticallycorrectEnglishandclearpresentationinyouranswers. Thisdocumentconsistsof 5printedpagesand3blankpages. 2

SectionA YoumustanswerQuestion1. THEKOREANWAR 1 Readthesourcesandanswerthequestionswhichfollow. SourceA I amfirmlyconvincedthatrightnowisthemostsuitablemomenttotakeaggressivestepsandunitewithoursupportersintheNorth.WewilldrivethepeopleofKimIlSungintoamountainousregionandexhaustthemtherewithhunger. I wantyoutoconvincetheAmericangovernmentleaderstopermitustocleansethecountryandbringorderinourhouse,andforustobegivenallthenecessarymaterialsupport.Thelongerwewait,theharderitwillbetodothis,fortheSovietsarewinningavictoryin theirColdWar. HereinKorea,theyaregivingCommunistagitatorsmoney,weapons,andpropagandaliterature. LetterfromSyngmanRheetohisAmericanadvisor, September1949. SourceB Sincetheestablishmentofthe“DemocraticPeople’s Republic”andthewithdrawalofSoviettroops,the SovietUnionhasmaintainedthe fictionof northernKoreanindependenceand has exercisedits controlthroughthe mediumof theCommunist-dominatedKoreanGovernmentandassociatedpoliticalorganisations.TheSovietEmbassyinPyongyangisheadquartersforthefourtofive-thousand-manSovietmissionin northernKorea.TheSovietmission,infiltratedasadvisersthroughoutthegovernment,economy, andpoliticalorganisations,servesasa guaranteeofnorthernKoreansubservienceandasourceoftechnicalassistance. TheultimatelocalobjectiveoftheSovietUnionandofthenorthernKoreanregimeistheeliminationof thesouthernRepublicof Koreaandtheunificationof theKoreanpeninsulaunderCommunistdomination. AreportbytheCentralIntelligenceAgency, 19June1950. 3

SourceC Note:Thecaptionatthebottomoftheposterreads‘ResisttheUnitedStatesandHelpNorthKorea;SaveourNeighbourandOurselves.’ AChinesepropagandaposterontheKoreanWar, producedin1951. SourceD KimIl SungandotherKoreanleaderswerefirmlydeterminedtounifythecountrybymilitarymeans.CalculatingthattheUSAwouldnotentera waroverSouthKorea,KimIlSungpersistentlypressedforagreementfromStalinandMaoZedongtoreunifythecountrybymilitarymeans. ByAugust1950,theKoreanPeople’s Armyhadvirtuallydisintegratedasa fightingforce.TheChinesegovernment,underpressurefromStalin,adoptedthedecisiontosendvolunteerstoKoreaonlyafterarealthreattothesecurityofChinahadarisenandtheveryexistenceoftheDPRKhadbeencalledintoquestion.Subsequently, thetotalnumberof Chinesetroopsin Koreawasbroughtto 1 millionmen.Theentryof theChinesevolunteersintothewarbroughtabouta vitalbreakthroughin thecourseofmilitaryevents.AmericanandSouthKoreantroopswerethrownbackto the38thparallel. DuringthetimethatChinesevolunteerswereinKorea,therewerenumerouscasesofChineseinterferencein theinternalaffairsof theDPRK.TheChineseleadership, 4

makinguseof thevolunteers’longstayin Korea,triedto strengthentheirlong-terminfluenceintheDPRK.AdaptedfromaninternalreportbytheSovietForeignMinistry, 1966.SourceE SouthKoreawasdisturbedbyguerrillawarfarecarriedoutbyKoreanswhorefusedtoaccepttheSyngmanRheeregime.Inordertosurmountthecrisesofhisownregime,SyngmanRheerepeatedlyadvocatedmilitaryactionagainstNorthKorea.KimIlSungopposedSyngmanRheewithtwopolicies.Ontheonehand,headvocatedthepeacefulunificationofKoreaandsupportedtheKoreanNationalFront(KNF)movement.Ontheotherhand,KimIl-SunghadaplanfortheunificationofKoreabyforceofarms.Uptothe 19thof June,KimIl Sung’s policywasthe peacefulunificationof Korea.Nevertheless,onthe25thofJuneKimIl-Sungembarkeduponunificationbyforceofarms.Tothisday, thequestionofwhichsideattackedfirstremainsunsolvedinawelterofmutualrecriminations.Americahadnodirectconnectionwiththeoutbreakofthewarin Korea.TheKoreanWarbegan,perhapsasa resultof advantagebeingtakenofprovocationfromSyngmanRhee,andcertainlyasanarmedandrevolutionarywarofunificationwagedbyKimIlSung. ExtractfromapaperbyaJapanesehistorian,1966. Nowanswerthefollowingquestions: (a)Compareandcontrasttheevidenceprovidedin SourcesC andD onChineseinvolvement in the Korean War.[10] (b)HowfardoSourcesA–EsupporttheassertionthattheKoreanWarwasdrivenbyNorthKorea? [30] 5

SectionB Youmustanswertwoquestionsfromthissection. EITHER 2 ‘Alliesinnameonly.’HowfardoyouagreewiththisstatementregardingSino-Sovietrelations in the 1950s and 1960s?[30] OR 3 Howfar wereASEAN’s responsesto the ColdWar markedby disunityandineffectiveness?[30] ANDEITHER 4 AssesstheviewthatthemainchallengetoUnitedNations’peacekeepingoperationsduringthe ColdWar wasthe reluctanceof membersto contributeto them.[30] OR 5 ‘TheUN missionin Somalia,1992–1995,wasa completefailure.’Discuss.[30] 6

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