NYJC 2023 H1 History 8821 P1

NANYANGJUNIORCOLLEGEYear TwoPreliminaryExamination2023 HISTORYPaper 1TheColdWar andtheModernWorld(1945–2000) NoAdditional Materialsarerequired. READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Writeyour nameandcivicstutorial grouponall theworkyouhandin.Writeindarkblueor blackpenonbothsidesof thepaper.YoumayuseanHBpencil for anydiagrams, graphsor roughworking.Donot usestaples, paper clips, glueor correctionfluid.DONOTWRITEINANYBARCODES. SectionAAnswer Question1. SectionBAnswer twoquestions. At theendof theexamination, slot inanyadditional answer bookletsintotheoriginal 12-pagebooklet. Handinyour answer bookletsfor eachsectionseparately. Thenumber of marksisgiveninbrackets[ ] at theendof eachquestionor part question. Thisdocument consistsof 5printedpages. [Turnover

2 SectionA Youmust answer Question1. THEKOREANWAR 1 Readthesourcesandanswer thequestionswhichfollow. SourceA I am firmly convinced that right now is the most suitable moment to take aggressive stepsand unite with our supporters in the North. We will drive the people of Kim Il Sung into amountainous region and exhaust themthere with hunger; then our lineof defenceshouldbecreated along the Tumen and Yalu Rivers. For 2000 years, the Koreans have defended ournation from the great invasions of the Chinese, Mongols and Japanese. I think that we arereadytorepeat thesuccessful defenceof our nationagainst foreigninvaders. I want you to convince the American government leaderstopermit ustocleansethecountryand bring order in our house, and for us to be given all the necessarymaterial support. Thelonger we wait, the harder it will be to do this, for the Soviets are winning a victory in theirCold War. Here in Korea, they are giving Communist agitators money, weapons, andpropaganda literature. They are organising Communist supporters into bands of terrorists,murderers, andthieveswhocommit murder, arson, anddestroyhumansociety. AdaptedfromSyngmanRhee’sletter tohisAmericanadvisor Robert T. Oliver,30September 1949. SourceB Thanks to the decisive role played by the Soviet army, the systemof barbarous Japaneseimperialist rule collapsed in Korea in 1945. The way was opened up for building aKoreaforthe Koreans, for building a newcountry and a newlife in conformity to our people's will anddemands. The democratic reforms carried out in northern Korea during this period haveended colonial and feudal relations that had long retarded the development of our country'seconomyandculture. However, many difficulties lie on the road of the democratic construction of thecountry. Thisis because the aggressive army of USimperialismisstationedinsouthernKorea, seekingtoturn our country into a colony once again. Agang of lackeys are trying to sell out Korea toimperialismas a colony again. Today, theUSAmonopolisesall power insouthernKoreaandisdoingeverythinginitsfranticeffort tosuppressthedemocraticforces. Let usmarchvigorouslyaheadfor thefreedomandindependenceof our country! AdaptedfromKimIl-sung’sspeechat ameetingof therulingcommunist party(theKoreanWorkers’ Party), 29August 1946. [Turnover 8821/01H1History PreliminaryExamination2023

3 SourceC The ‘Democratic People’s Republic’ of northern Korea is a firmly controlled Soviet satellitethat depends entirely on the support of the Soviet Union for its existence and capability forlong-termmilitary operations. Soviet assistance, however, probably would not be intheformof direct military participation, except as a last resort. The USSRwould be restrained fromusing its troops for the fear of a general war. Its suspected desire to restrict and controlChinese influence in northern Korea would oppose the use of regular Chinese CommunistunitsinKorea. The ultimate objective of the USSR and of the northern Korean regime is to eliminate thesouthern Republic of Korea and unify the Korean peninsula under Communist domination. Ifaccomplished, it would give the Soviet Union a further strategic advantage and enhance itsposition vis-à-vis the US in East Asia. However, this campaign will not succeed so long asUSeconomicandmilitaryaidtosouthernKoreaisnot substantiallyreduced. Adaptedfromareport bytheUSCentral IntelligenceAgency(CIA), 19June1950. SourceD According to reliable information of the Soviet Government, the events, which are occurringin Korea, were provoked by an attack on border areasof NorthKoreabyforcesof theSouthKorean authorities. Therefore, the responsibility for these events rests on the South Koreanauthorities and on those who are behind them. As is well known, the Soviet Governmentwithdrew its troops from Korea before the United States did and thereby affirmed itstraditional principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. Now, theSoviet Government stands by the principle of the impermissibility of interference of foreignpowersintheinternal affairsof Korea. Statement bytheSoviet government totheUSgovernment, 29June1950. [Turnover 8821/01H1History PreliminaryExamination2023

4 SourceE PublishedbytheUSDepartment of State, 1950. Nowanswer thefollowingquestions: (a) Compare and contrast the evidence in Sources A and B regarding the North Korea’srelationswiththeSoviet Union. [10] (b)Howfar do Sources A-Esupport the viewthat the Korean War was aColdWar conflict?[30] 8821/01H1History PreliminaryExamination2023

5 [TurnoverSectionB Youmust answer twoquestionsfromthissection. EITHER 2 ‘The USA dictated the state of relations between the USSRand China.' Howfar do youagreewiththisstatement? [30] OR 3 ‘The Third Indochina War highlighted the ability of ASEANin maintaining regional peaceandstability.' Howfar doyouagreewiththisstatement? [30] ANDEITHER 4 ‘Overcoming superpower rivalry was the main challenge facing UNpeacekeepingduringtheColdWar.’ Howfar doyouagreewiththisstatement? [30] OR 5 ‘The success of the United Nations mission in Cambodia in the early 1990s was afacade.' Howfar doyouagreewiththisstatement?[30] 8821/01H1History PreliminaryExamination2023