YIJC 2023 H1 History JC2 Prelim 8821 P1

YISHUNINNOVAJUNIORCOLLEGEJC2PRELIMINARYEXAMINATIONHigher 1 CANDIDATENAME CG INDEXNO HISTORY Paper1TheColdWarandtheModernWorld(1945-2000) NoAdditionalMaterialsarerequired. 8821/01 23August2023 3hours READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Ananswerbookletwillbeprovidedwiththisquestionpaper. If youneedadditionalanswerpaper, asktheinvigilatorforacontinuationbooklet. Writeyourname,classandquestionnumberontheanswerbookletprovided. SectionAAnswerQuestion1. SectionBAnswertwoquestions. Thenumberofmarksisgiveninthebrackets[ ] attheendofeachquestionorpartquestion. Thisdocumentconsistsof5printedpagesand1blankpage. ©YIJC [Turnover

2 SectionA YoumustanswerQuestion1. THEKOREANWAR 1 Readthesourcesandanswerthequestionswhichfollow. SourceA When theanti-fascist WorldWar wasbrought toavictoriousconclusion, thankstothedecisiverole played bytheSoviet army, thesystemof barbarousJapaneseimperialist rulecollapsedinKorea. The way was opened up for building a Korea for the Koreans, for building a newcountry and anewlifeinconformitytoour people'swill anddemands. Thedemocraticreformscarried out in North Korea during this period have put an end to all the colonial and feudalrelationsthat hadlongretardedthedevelopment of our country'seconomyandculture. However, many difficulties lieontheroadof thedemocraticconstructionof thecountry. Thisisbecause the aggressive army of USimperialismis stationed in South Korea, seeking to turnour country into a colony once again. A gang of lackeys are trying to sell out Korea toimperialism as a colony again. Today, the USAmonopolises all power in South Korea and isdoingeverythinginitsfranticeffort tosuppressthedemocraticforces. Let usmarchvigorouslyaheadfor thefreedomandindependenceof our country! SpeechbyKimIl Sungat theFirst Congressof theKoreanWorkers’ Party, 29August 1946. SourceB In Korea, the government forces, which were armed to prevent border raids and to preserveinternal security, were attacked by invading forces fromNorth Korea. The Security Council ofthe United Nations called upon the invading troops to cease hostilities and to withdrawto the38th parallel. This they have not done, but on the contrary have pressed the attack. TheSecurity Council called upon all members of the United Nations to render every assistance tothe United Nations in the execution of this resolution. In these circumstances I have orderedUnited Statesair andseaforcestogivetheKoreanGovernment troopscover andsupport. Theattack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond theuse of subversion to conquer independent nationsandwill nowusearmedinvasionandwar. Ithas defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserveinternational peaceandsecurity. President Truman’sPressReleaseonKorea, 27June1950. ©YIJC [Turnover

3 SourceC South Korea was disturbed by guerrilla warfare carried on by Koreans who refused to acceptthe Syngman Rhee regime. In order to surmount the crises of his own regime, SyngmanRheerepeatedly advocated military action against North Korea. KimIl-SungopposedSyngmanRheewith two policies. On the one hand, he advocated the peaceful unification of Korea andsupported the Korean National Front (KNF) movement. On the other hand, KimIl-Sung had aplan for the unification of Korea by force of arms. Up to the 19th of June, KimIl-Sung’s policywas the peaceful unificationof Korea. Nevertheless, onthe25thof June, KimIl-Sungembarkedupon unification by force of arms. To this day, the question of which side attackedfirst remainsunsolved in a welter of mutual recriminations. America had no direct connection with theoutbreak of the war in Korea. The Korean War began, perhaps as a result of advantage beingtaken of provocation fromSyngman Rhee, and certainly as an armed and revolutionary war ofunificationwagedbyKimIl-Sung. Extract fromapaper byaJapanesehistorian, March1966. .SourceD MyfellowAmericans: I want to talk to you plainly tonight about what we aredoinginKoreaandabout our policyinthe Far East. In the simplest terms, what we are doing in Korea is this: We are trying toprevent a third world war. I think most people in this country recognized that fact last June.And they warmly supported the decision of the Government to help the Republic of Koreaagainst the Communist aggressors. It isright for ustobeinKoreanow. It wasright last June.It isright today. The Communists in the Kremlin are engaged in a monstrous conspiracy to stamp outfreedom all over the world. If they were to succeed, the United States would be numberedamong their principal victims. It must be clear to everyone that the United States cannot –and will not – sit idly by and await foreign conquest. The only question is: What is the besttimetomeet thethreat andhowisthebest waytomeet it? The aggression against Korea is the boldest and most dangerous move the Communistshaveyet made. TheattackonKoreawaspart of agreater planfor conqueringall of Asia. Excerpt fromPresident Truman’sofficial speechtoupdatetheAmericanpeopleontheKoreanWar on11April 1951. ©YIJC [Turnover

4 SourceE AnAmericanleaflet titled‘KoreanOx, ChineseServant, RussianMaster!’, December 1952.(TheKoreanwordsonthefiguresarethenamesof variousleaderswhichhavebeenlabelled) Nowanswer thefollowingquestions: a) Compare and contrast the evidence provided in Sources A and B about the US’involvement in Korea.[10] b) How far do Sources A–E support the assertion that the Korean War was mainly a ColdWar conflict?[30] ©YIJC [Turnover

5 SectionB Youmustanswertwoquestionsfromthissection. EITHER 2. Assess the impact of USSR’s influence on thediplomaticdynamicsbetweentheUSAandChinafrom1950to1979. [30] OR 3. Towhat extent didtheThirdIndochinaWar markaturningpoint for ASEANinitsresponsetotheinvolvement of external powersinAsiafrom1967to1991? [30] ANDEITHER 4. ‘The United Nations was not effective in maintaininginternational peaceandsecurityfrom1945to2000.’ Howfar doyouagree? [30] OR 5. ‘The United Nations was successful in handling the Suez Crisis in 1956.’ Howfar do youagree? [30] - Endof Paper - ©YIJC [Turnover

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