2024 SNGS Prelim

Name:_________________________( ) Class:_____________ PRELIMINARYEXAMINATIONGENERALCERTIFICATEOFEDUCATIONORDINARYLEVEL HUMANITIES(HISTORY) Paper 2: TheMakingof the20 th CenturyModernWorld,1910s-1991 2261/02 16Aug2024 1hour 50minutes READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Writeyour name, register number, andclassonall theworkyouhandin.Writeindarkblueor blackpenonbothsidesof thepaper.Donot usehighlighters, glueor correctionfluid. SectionAAnswer all partsof Question1. SectionBAnswer twoquestions. Thenumber of marksisgiveninbrackets[ ] at theendof eachquestionor part question.Thetotal number of marksfor thispaper is50. At theendof theexamination, fastenall your worksecurelytogether.Youmaykeepthequestionpaper. Thisdocument consistsof 7printedpagesand1blankpage.

2 SectionA: Source-BasedCaseStudy Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all thequestions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to thosesources you weretoldtouse. Inansweringthequestions, youshoulduseyour knowledgeofthetopictohelpyouinterpret andevaluatethesources. 1 (a) StudySourceA. Howuseful is this source as evidence about theMunichAgreement?Explainyour answer. [6] (b) StudySourceB. WhywastheChristmascardproduced?Explainyour answer. [5] (c) StudySourcesCandD. Does Source Dprove Churchill’s statement in Source Cwrong?Explainyouranswer. [6] (d) StudySourcesEandF. Howfar would the cartoonists who drewthese twosourceshaveagreedwitheachother?Explainyour answer. [5] (e) Studyall sources. “The Munich Agreement was a mistake.” Howfar dothesourcessupport thisview?Explainyour answer. [8]

3 Policyof Appeasement BACKGROUNDINFORMATION Readthiscarefully. It mayhelpyoutoanswer someof thequestions. Instituted in the hope of avoiding war, appeasement was the name given to Britain’s policytowards Nazi Germany in the 1930s. It ismost closelyassociatedwithBritishPrimeMinisterNeville Chamberlain and involved the use of negotiation and diplomacy to secure Hitler’scooperation. The most prominent example of appeasement wouldbetheMunichagreement– a settlement reached by Germany, France, Britain and Italy that permitted Germanannexation of Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland. At the time, it was a popular and seeminglypragmaticpolicy. However, some see it as allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked and viewitas a sign of weakness. One of appeasement’s harshest and most vocal criticswasWinstonChurchill –akeymember of theoppositionLabour party. Wasthepolicyof appeasement awisedecisionor agraveerror injudgement? SourceA FromaspeechbyNevilleChamberlainduringaparliamentarydebateabout theMunichAgreement, October 1938. In my viewthe strongest force of all, one which grewandtookfreshshapesandforms,the force not of any one individual…that unmistakable sense of unanimity among thepeoplesof theworldthat war must somehowbeaverted. Ever since I assumed my present office my main purpose has been to work for thepacification of Europe, for the removal of those suspicions andthoseanimositieswhichhavesolongpoisonedtheair. Thepathwhichleadstoappeasement islongandbristleswith obstacles. The question of Czechoslovakia is the latest and perhaps the mostdangerous. Nowthat we have got past it, I feel that it may be possible to make furtherprogressalongtheroadtosanity.

4 SourceB AChristmascardsent out bymembersof theConservativeParty, inDecember 1938. It featuresAdolf Hitler andNevilleChamberlain-Leader of theConservativeParty- onthefront. SourceC AdaptedfromChurchill’sstatement inresponsetoHitler whoaccusedhimof beingawarmonger, 6November 1938. I’m surprised that the head of a great state is attacking an ordinary British MPwho isn’tevenapartyleader. Attackingmeprobablyincreasesmyinfluencerather thanreducingit.Hitler is wrong to say that I desire and want war with Germany. However, I do want ourcountry to be properly defended and alsowant tobeabletohelpthosewe’vepromisedtodefend. I admire Hitler as a leader and for the way hehasrestoredGermanpride. But heshould be happy with his successesandshouldnowstopdemandingmore. HistorywouldbeverypositivetowardsHitler if hebecameamanof peaceandtolerancenow. SourceD FromChurchill’sfirst speechasthenewly-mintedPrimeMinster ofBritain, May1940 We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, manylong months of struggle and of suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I can say: It is towage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God cangive us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark,lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim?I cananswer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory,however longandhardtheroadmaybe; for without victory, thereisnosurvival.

5 SourceE Acartoonpublishedafter theMunichAgreement. It depictsHitler asababybeingwatchedover byChamberlainandEurope.

6 SourceF ABritishcartoonpublishedafter theMunichAgreement. It depictsChamberlainrollingtheworldtowardspeace.

7 SectionB: Structured-EssayQuestions Answer twoquestions. 2 Thisquestionisonpeacesettlementsafter WorldWar I ‘The Treaty of Versailleswasthemainreasonfor Germany'sstrugglesafter WorldWarI’. Howfar doyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyour answer. [10] 3 ThisquestionisontheKoreanWar. ‘The Soviets were responsible for theoutbreakof theKoreanWar in1950’. Howfar doyou agree with this statement? Explain your answer. How far do you agree with thisstatement?Explainyour answer. [10] 4 ThisquestionisontheVietnamWar. ‘Americawasresponsiblefor theoutbreakof theVietnamWar in1964.’ Howfar doyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyour answer. [10] ENDOFPAPER

8 BLANKPAGE ____________________________________________________________________________ Copyright Acknowledgements: SourceA Chamberlain, Neville, “PeaceInOur Time”, takenfromhttps://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=4060SourceB ConservativePartyChristmascard, takenfromhttps://www.uncomfortableoxford.com/uncomfortable-seasons-greetings-happy-christmas-1938SourceC TheGoldenChersoneseandthewaythither, IsabellaBird”, takenfromhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/The_golden_Chersonese_and_the_way_thither%3B_%28IA_goldenchersonese00birdiala%29.pdfSourceD TheStraitsTimes, LAROOTANDPERAK, adaptedfromhttps://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/stoverland18740725-1.2.9?qt=perak&q=perakSourceE Political Cartoon, takenfromhttps://msstrasser.weebly.com/uploads/3/7/7/6/37766573/thenazisovietpactthemunichagreementpoliticalcartoonanalysiscc.pdfSourceF Political Cartoon, takenfromhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/48868038@N02/6091904837

9 Answer Scheme SectionA: Source-basedQuestions Qn Answer Marks1(a) StudySourceAHowuseful is this source as evidence about the Munich Agreement?Explainyour answer. 6 L1 Undevelopedprovenance e.g. The source is useful because it was by Neville Chamberlain who waspersonallyinvolvedintheMunichAgreement. 1 L2 Useful and/or not useful for what it says about the Munich Agreement,supportedwithsourcecontent e.g. The source is useful as evidence in telling me why Britain signed the MunichAgreement. The source states that the aim was to “work for the pacification ofEurope” andthat “war must somehowbeaverted.” AND/OR e.g. The source is limited in helping me understand the long-term impact of theMunichAgreement / whyHitler signedtheMunichAgreement. Answers which argue that the source isnot useful basedonassertionsaboutpurpose.Award3marksfor suchresponses. e.g. The source is not useful because it is unreliable. Chamberlain is trying toconvince parliament and the people of Britain that the Munich Agreement was theright decision as it helped prevent war. Hence, it is unreliable and not useful inhelpingmeunderstandtheMunichAgreement. 2-3 L3 Useful/not useful based on source content, supported with evidence andcross-reference e.g. The source is useful as evidence in telling me why Britain signed the