2024 SJI Prelim

STJOSEPH’SINSTITUTIONPreliminaryExamination2024(Year4) CANDIDATENAME CLASS INDEXNUMBER HUMANITIES(HISTORY)TheMakingof the20 th CenturyModernWorld,1910s-1991 Additional Materials: Answer Booklets 2261/02 14August 2024 1hour 50minutes(0900–1050) READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Answer booklets will be provided with this question paper. You should followthe instructions onthe front cover of the answer booklets. Please ask the invigilator if you need additional answerpaper.Answer each sectiononanewanswer booklet. At theendof theexamination, submit your answerbookletsseparately. SectionAAnswer all partsof Question1. SectionBAnswer twoquestions. Thenumber of marksisgiveninbrackets[ ] at theendof eachquestionor part question. Thisdocument consistsof 6printedpagesincludingthiscover page. [TurnOver

2 SectionA:Source-basedCaseStudy Question1iscompulsoryforallcandidates. StudytheBackgroundInformationandthesourcescarefully, andthenanswerallthequestions. Youmayuseanyofthesourcestohelpyouanswerthequestions,in additiontothosesourceswhichyouaretoldto use.In answeringthequestions,youshoulduseyourknowledgeofthetopictohelpyouinterpretandevaluatethesources. 1(a) StudySourceA. Whatisthemessageofthisposter?Explainyouranswer. [5] (b) StudySourcesBandC. Howfar doesSourceC provethatyoucanbelieveSourceB?Explainyouranswer. [5] (c) StudySourceD. AreyousurprisedbyMacArthur’s reasonfortheworseningoftheKoreanWar?Explainyouranswer. [6] (d) StudySourceE. Whodoyouthinkproducedandcirculatedthisleaflet?Explainyouranswer. [6] (e) Studyallthesources. “ChinawasjustifiedingettinginvolvedintheKoreanWar.”Howfardothesourcessupportthisview?Usethesourcesandyourknowledgetoexplainyouranswer. [8]

3 WhydidChinagetinvolvedintheKoreanWar? BACKGROUNDINFORMATION Readthiscarefully. Itmayhelpyoutoanswersomeofthequestions. InJune1950,NorthKoreantroopsenteredSouthKoreaandquicklyoverpoweredSouthKorea’s forces.U.S.PresidentTrumanimmediatelysentadvisers,supplies,andmilitaryassistanceto theSouth.HealsocalledupontheUnitedNations(UN)to takeurgentactionsagainstNorthKoreaandsentU.S.GeneralMacArthurtoleadtheUNforcestodrivebackNorthKoreantroopsbehindthe38thparallel.However, believingthathecouldpushCommunistforcescompletelyoutofKorea,MacArthurdrovetheNorthKoreansfarbeyondthe38thparallel,despiteChina’s warningthatit wouldretaliateif theUNforcescontinuedtoadvance.WhenGeneralMacArthurwentontoattacknearChineseborders,ChinajoinedinthewaronthesideoftheNorthKoreans. StudythefollowingsourcestofindoutwhyChinagotinvolvedintheKoreanWar. SourceA: A Chineseposterproducedin September1952showinga SouthKoreanwomanwithchildrenon therunfromanAmericanairplane.Thecaptionbelowreads:“Stampouttheflamesofwar, savethepeace!”

4 SourceB: An excerptfroma government-controlledChinesenewspaperthatwaspublishedinMarch1951,withthearticleentitled,‘TheChineseArmy:FightingaJustWar’. TheKoreanssawhowtheChineseArmyresistedUSaggressionandwillneverforgettheaidtheyoffered.Studentsrecordedin theirdiariestheirfirstmeetingswiththeChineseArmy, peasantsproudlyrelatedhowtheyprovidedfoodfortheChineseArmy;motherstoldtheirchildrenhowtheChineseArmydefeatedtheAmericantroops.AlettertotheChineseArmyfromMunchon(acityin NorthKorea)read:“Wheneverwesleepina warmbedorsafelynurseourbabies,wethinkoftheChineseArmy. We thankyoufromthebottomofourhearts.You arethehopeof peacesupporters,andyourspiritencouragedus tostrugglefurtherfortheunificationofourmotherland.” SourceC: AnadaptationofaninterviewwithChanBoliang,a memberoftheChineseArmywhowasamongtheChinesesoldierscrossingtheYaluRiveron26November1950. We believedthattheAmericanswantedtoattackChinabycrossingthe38thparallelandtheywerealreadynearingtheYaluRiver. TherewasnowaythattheChinese,whohadjustemergedfromsufferingtheruthlessnessof *imperialismfromtheJapanese,wouldtoleratethiskindofforeignintrusion.AswemarchedacrosstheYaluRiver, wesang: “BravelycrossingtheYaluRiveratdawn,we'reprotectingourhomesforthesakeofthemotherland,for thesakeof ourfriends.Goodsonsanddaughtersof themotherland,marchforwardresolutely, theWarwilldefeattheimperialists!” It'sa patrioticsongaboutprotectingthemotherland.AttacktheAmericans,supporttheKoreansforthesakeofthemotherland. *imperialism: policyof extendingacountry’spower andinfluencethroughuseof forceor other means SourceD: Part of a speechto the U.S.Congressby GeneralMacArthur, U.S.CommanderoftheUNforcesinKorea,inApril1951. TheChinesepeoplehaveexcellentsoldiers,withcompetentcommanders.Thishasproduceda newanddominantpowerinAsia,whichisalliedwithSovietRussia.However,it hasbecomeaggressivelyimperialistic,witha desireforexpansionandincreasedpower.ItsaggressivenessrecentlydisplayedinKorea…reflectspredominantlythesamelustfortheexpansionofpowerwhichis nodifferentfromanyoftheambitiousconquerorsofthepast.

5 SourceE: A leafletcirculatedduringtheKoreanWar. TheChinesesoldiersontheleftweresayingto a Koreanwoman,“Prepareourbeds!”,“Killa Pig!”,“Stewachicken!”,“What?NoRice?”Thecaptionontherightreads,“YouarehungrybecauseoftheChineseCommunistForces.” SourceF: AChineseCommunistPartyofficial,PengChen,inaconversationwithKhrushchevin1960. Afterthewarstarted,a Sovietambassadortoldusthatit wasnotpossiblefortheSovietUniontosenditsforcestoKoreaandthatStalinwasthinkingofaskingustosendtroops.ComradeMaoZedongwasstronglyagainstthewarin thefirstplace.Butafterthewarstarted,Stalinsaidthatif theSovietUnionsentintroops,thiswouldmeanaWorldWarandhethereforedemandedChinato sendtroopsinstead.Andthatwastheonlyreasonweagreedtosendtroops.

6 SectionB:Essays Answertwoquestions. 2.‘TheGermansresentedtheTreatyofVersaillesbecauseoftheterritorialterms.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] 3. ‘Japan’s expansionistforeignpolicyresultedfromexternaldevelopments.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] 4.‘‘TheUSSRcollapsedbecauseofGorbachev’sreforms.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] ENDOFPAPER

SJIPrelim2024Year4Humanities(History)SuggestedMarkScheme(2261/2)SectionA(Source-basedCaseStudy) (a)StudySourceA. Whatisthemessageofthisposter?Explainyouranswer, usingdetailsofthesourceandyourownknowledge.[5] StudySourceA. What isthemessageof thiscartoon?Explainyour answer.Level Descriptor L1/1 Misinterpretationof source/Descriptionof source/Answersnot showingpurpose e.g. TheKoreanwomanandchildrenwerefightingintheKoreanWar. L2/2 Sub-message Themessageof thisposter istohighlight that KoreansweresufferingduringtheKoreanWar. Fromthesource, it showstheKoreanwomanandchildrenrunningawayfrombombedsites. Thismeansthat theKoreansweresufferingduringtheKoreanwar astheir peaceful liveswereinterruptedbybombingsduringthewar andtheyneededtorunawaywiththeir familytoensuretheir safety. L3/3-4 Mainmessage The message of the poster is to highlight that the USA was responsible for thedisrupting the peace in Korea asthepeaceof theyoungandinnocent inKoreaandtheir livelihoods were being affected by their bombings in the Korean War. Chinawas seen to be the ones who would save the Koreans from the evil Americans.From the source, it shows the Korean woman and children running away frombombings by USA airplane. The caption below the poster reads, “Stamp out theflames of war, save the peace.” This means that the USA was responsible fordestroyingthelivesof theSouthKoreans. L4/5 L3+Context My contextual knowledge also tells me that lotsof anti-USApropagandaposterswereusedby the Chinese during the Korean War to portray the Americans as the evil enemy so thattheycouldrallytheir fellowChinesetosupport themintheir fight against USA. StudySourcesBandC. 1

(b) HowfardoesSourceC provethatyoucanbelieveSourceB?Explainyouranswer. [5] Level Descriptor1/1 Provenanceunexplained.EgSourcesBandCarebothwrittenbytheChinese/ bothabout theChineseroleintheKoreanWar. 2/2-3 ComparisonofSourcesBandCincontentEgDifference/Similarity SourceCprovesthatIcanbelieveSourceBastheyarebothsimilaraboutChinese animosity towards the Americans, that the Chinese were determinednot to be dominated by the Americans. This is evident from Source B, “TheKoreans sawhowthe Chinese