2024 NCHS Prelim QP + Answers

Name: RegisterNumber: Class: PRELIMINARYEXAMINATION2024SECONDARYFOUR HUMANITIES(HISTORY) Paper 2 2261/02 15August 2024, Thursday 1hour 50minutes Additional Material: WritingPaper READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Writeyour name, classandindexnumber onall theworkyouhandin.Writeindarkblueor blackpen.Donot usestaples, paper clips, glueor correctionfluid. SectionAAnswer all partsof Question1. SectionBAnswer twoquestions. Start your answer for SectionBonafreshpage.At theendof theexamination, fastenall your workfor SectionsAandBseparately. Thenumber of marksisgiveninbrackets[ ] at theendof eachquestionor part question.Thetotal marksfor thispaper is50.

Thisdocument consistsof 6printedpagesincludingthecover page. SectionA:Source-basedCaseStudy Question1isforallcandidates. StudytheBackgroundInformationandthesourcescarefully, andthenanswerallthequestions. Youmayuseanyofthesourcestohelpyouanswerthequestions,inadditiontothosesourcesyou are toldto use.In answeringthe questions,youshoulduseyourknowledgeofthetopictohelpyouinterpretandevaluatethesources. 1 (a) StudySourceA. Whywasthissourcepublishedin1936?Explainyouranswer. [5] (b) StudySourceB. Howusefulis thissourcein showingHitlerasa leader?Explainyouranswer. [5] (c) StudySourcesCandD. DoesJosephGoebbelsproveEmilKirdorfto be right?Explainyouranswer. [6] (d) StudySourcesEandF. AfterreadingSourceE,areyousurprisedbySourceF regardingHitler’spopularity?Explainyouranswer. [6] (e) Studyallthesources. ‘ThepopularityoftheNaziPartywasdueprimarilytoAdolfHitler.’Howfardothesesourcessupportthisview?Usethesourcesandyourknowledgetoexplainyouranswer. [8] 2

TheNaziParty’sPopularity BACKGROUNDINFORMATIONReadthiscarefully. Itmayhelpyoutoanswersomeofthequestions.AdolfHitlerjoinedtheNationalSocialistGermanWorkersParty(NSDAPorNaziParty)andbecameitsleaderin1921.Hewasimprisonedin1923afterthefailedMunichcoup.Whileinprison,hewrotehismemoir, MeinKampf(or‘MyStruggle’)whichoutlinedhispoliticalbeliefs.Afterhisrelease,HitlerprogressivelygainedpopularityandsupportamongtheGermansthroughhisleadership,personalabilitiesaswellashispromisesofrecoveryfortheeconomyandnationalpride.TowhatextentwasthepopularityoftheNaziPartydueprimarilytoAdolfHitler? SourceA: A Naziposterwhichreads,‘AllGermanylistenstotheFührerontheradio’,publishedin1936. 3

SourceB: An Americanjournalistin Germany writesabouthis experiencesinBerlinin1934. I rememberbeinginabigBerlincaféwhenitwasannouncedthatHitlerwastospeakontheradio.Theloudspeakerwasturnedon.Nexttomewasa groupofGermanbusinessmen.Theywentontalkingin lowvoices.At anothertablewasa womanwritinga letter. Shewentonwriting.Theonlymanwhostoodupwasa smallmanwithhistie creepingoverhiscollarat thebackof hisneck.Nooneelsein thecrowdedcafélistenedtoAdolfHitler. SourceC: AnextractfromanarticlewrittenbyJosephGoebbels,Hitler’sMinisterofPropaganda,publishedbeforetheGermanelectionsin1932. AdolfHitler, thebornmassleader, hasashisgoaltounifytheGermanpeopleandforgefromthemtremendousstrength.Millionsandmillionshavejoinedtogetherundertheideaof‘gemeinschaft’*. TheyhavefoundinNationalSocialismnewmeaningandpurposefortheirlives.TheythankAdolfHitlerandhissavingideathattheyhavenotfallenintohopelessnessandanarchy. TheWeimarRepublic’s policieshavedividedthe peopleintotwoclasses.Theeconomyis in anarchy, thefinancesarein a desperatestate.ManyGermansfeltadeepsenseofdespairandhave,infact,fallenintohopelessness.ThemassesseeinAdolfHitlertheirlasthope.Formillions,hisnamehasbecomethebrightsymboloftheGermanwillforfreedom.*a communitywherethemindsets,sentiments,tastes,& attitudesof thepeoplearecommon SourceD: AnextractfromaninterviewwithEmilKirdorf,aGermanindustrialistwhosponsoredtheNaziParty,publishedin1937. In1927I firstmettheFührerpersonally. Theundisputedlogicandclearconcisenessofhistrainofthoughtfilledmewithsuchenthusiasmwithwhathesaid.I askedtheFührertowritea pamphletonthetopicshehaddiscussedwithme.I thendistributedthe pamphletin businessandindustrialcircles.Shortlyafter, leadingindustrialpersonalitieswerekeenandarrangedseveralmeetingswiththeFührerasa resultofwhatwaswrittenonthepamphlets. 4

SourceE: AnarticlewrittenbyBrunoHeilig,anAustrianjournalistin1938. In1931thecrisiswasin fullswing.Sevenmillionmenandwomen(one-thirdofthewage-earningpeople)unemployed,themiddleclasssweptaway. Depressionrapidlyproducedthemostdreadfulpoverty. Inthefirstyearofthecrisis,thenumberofNazideputiestotheReichstagrosefrom8 to107.Ayearlaterthisfigurewasdoubled.InJanuary1933HitlerwasappointedChancellor. Heattainedpower, asI saidbefore,quitelegally. I donotbelievethattheGermanswouldhavefollowedHitlerinhishatesandrevengesif thepeoplehadbeenlivingunderreasonablygoodsocialconditionsinsteadofbeingunderthelashofsomuchunemployment. SourceF: Ahistorian’saccountofHitler’seconomicpolicy. In 1935,HitlerreintroducedconscriptionfortheGermanarmy. Conscriptionreducedunemployment.Theneedforweapons,equipmentanduniformscreatedjobsin thecoalmines,steelandtextilemills.Whilebringingeconomicrecovery, thesemeasuresboostedtheHitler’spopularitybecausetheyboostednationalpride.GermansbegantofeelthattheircountrywasfinallyemergingfromthehumiliationoftheGreatWarandtheTreatyof Versailles,andputtingitselfonanequalfootingwiththeothergreatpowers. 5

SectionB:Essays Answertwoquestions. 2 ‘TheriseofmilitaristJapanwasprimarilyduetotheweaknessoftheciviliangovernment.’Howfar do youagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] 3 ‘ThemainreasonwhytheUSinterveneddirectlyin Vietnamin 1965wasoutof concernfortheweakSouthVietnamgovernment.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] 4 ‘Gorbachev’s reformswasthemainreasonthatledtothecollapseoftheSovietUnionin 1991.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] EndofPaper CopyrightAcknowledgements: SourceA: CitedinBenWalsh,ModernWorldHistory, 2018,p.166.SourceB: https://www.hodderplus.co.uk/accesstohistory2/ocr-units/unit2-Dictatorship-Democracy-Germany/sources.htmSourceC: https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/angrif12.htmSourceD: https://alphahistory.com/weimarrepublic/heilig-how-hitler-came-to-power-1938/SourceE: BenWalsh,ModernWorldHistory, 2018,p.173.SourceF: https://spartacus-educational.com/GERkirdorf.htm 6

SuggestedLORMS SectionA:SBQ 1 (a) StudySourceA. Whywasthissourcepublishedin1936?Explainyouranswer. [5] Level Descriptors Marks 1 Liftdetailsfromsource Thephotoshowsa largeradiosurroundedby a largecrowdofpeople 1 2 MessageAward2-3mfordevelopedanswers,supportedwithevidence Themessageofthesourceis toshowthatHitler’s speecheswereimportantandpopularamongtheGermanmasses.Theevidenceisthelargecrowdof peoplesurroundingtheradioandthewordsontheposterwhichsays“AllGermanylistensto theFuhrerontheradio”ThisshowsthatmanypeoplewerelisteningandthespeecheswereregardedasanimportantpartoftheGermans’lives. 2-3 3 L2+Purpose&IntendedOutcomeAward4mforonlyexplainingPurposeAward5mforexplainingbothPurpose&Context. Theposterwaspublishedto influencetheGermansthatHitler’sspeecheswereimportanttomanypeopleinGermany. Theevidenceisthelargecrowdofpeoplesurroundingtheradioandthewordsontheposterwhichsays“AllGermanylistensto theFuhrerontheradio”TheintentionistogetmoreGermanstotuneintotheradiotolistento the Fuhrerso as not to missout whattheirfellowcountrymenhaveheardfromtheFuhrer. Thiswasespeciallysoin1936whenHitlerwastheleaderof GermanyandwasmakingmassivepolicychangestocreateagreaterGermany. 4-5 7

(b) StudySourceB. HowusefulisthissourceinshowingHitlerasaleader?Explainyouranswer.[5 Level Descriptors Marks 1 Yes/No, basedonuncritical analysisof Provenance Source Bis not useful inshowingHitler asaleader becauseit wasfromanAmericanjournalist writingabout hisexperiencesinBerlinin1934. 1 2 Yes/NobasedonSourceContent Source Bis useful inshowingthat Hitler wasnot averypopular or effectiveleader as it it highlighted that the Germans were not interested in Hitler’sspeeches. FromSourceB, it isstatedthat whenHitler wasspeakingontheradio, German businessmen “went on talking in low voices”, “womanwriting a letter” and that “no one else in the crowded café listened”. Thisshows t