2024 CGS Prelim

1 Class: RegisterNo: Name: CRESCENTGIRLS’ SCHOOLSECONDARY2024 HUMANITIES(HISTORY) 19August2024 READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRST Writeyourname,registernumberandclassinthespacesprovidedatthetopofthispageandonallseparatesheetsofpaperused.Writeindarkblueorblackpen.Youmayuseasoftpencilforanyroughworking.Donotusestaples,paperclips,glueorcorrectionfluid. SectionAAnswerallpartsofQuestion1. SectionBAnswertwoquestions.Writeallanswersonthewritingpaperprovided. Starteachquestiononafreshsheetofpaper. Attheendoftheexamination,fastenSectionAandSectionBSEPARATELY. Thenumberofmarksisgiveninbrackets[ ]attheendofeachquestionorpartquestion. Thisdocumentconsistsof 6printedpages,includingthecoverpage. [Turnover

2 SectionA(Source-BasedCaseStudy) Question1iscompulsoryforallcandidates StudytheBackgroundInformationandthesourcescarefully, andthenanswerallthequestions. Youmayuseanyof thesourcestohelpyouanswerthequestions,inadditiontothosesourcesyouaretoldtouse.Inansweringthequestions,youshoulduseyourknowledgeofthetopictohelpyouinterpretandevaluatethesources. 1 (a) StudySourceA.Whywastheposterpublishedin September1948?Explainyouranswer. [5] (b) StudySourcesBandC.DoesSourceBproveSourceCwrong?Explainyouranswer. [6] (c) StudySourceD.Areyousurprisedbythissource?Explainyouranswer. [5] (d) StudySourceE.SourceEwaspublishedin1947.DoesitmakeituselessabouttheBerlinBlockade?Explainyouranswer. [6] (e) Studyallthesources.‘TheSovietUnionwasprovokedtotakea toughstanceinBerlin.’Howfardothesesourcessupportthisview?Usethesourcesandyourknowledgetoexplainyouranswer. [8]

3 TheBerlinCrisisBACKGROUNDINFORMATIONReadthiscarefully. Itmayhelpyouanswersomeofthequestions.TheBerlinBlockadewasoneofthemajorinternationalcrisesduringtheColdWar. ItwasanattemptbytheSovietUniontolimittheabilityoftheUnitedStates,BritainandFrancetochannelresourcestotheirrespectivespheresofoccupationwithinthecityofBerlin,whichlayentirelyinsideSoviet-occupiedEastGermany. AlarmedbytheMarshallPlan,aswellaseffortsbytheWesternAlliesto introducea singlecurrencytothezonestheyoccupiedinGermanyandBerlin,theSovietsimposedablockadeonWesternzonesof Berlinin June1948.ThiswasmeanttoforcetheAlliesoutofBerlinbyattemptingtostarvethepeoplethere.Tocounterthisblockade,USPresidentTrumanorderedtheBerlinAirlift.Tensionsheightenedasa resultoftheactionsof thesuperpowers.Thecrisiswasa resultof competingoccupationpoliciesandrisingtensionsbetweenWesternpowersandtheSovietUnion. StudythesourcestofindoutwhethertheSovietUnionwasprovokedtotakeatoughstanceinBerlin. SourceA: ABritishcartoonpublishedon9September1948. [Turnover

4 SourceC: A messagefromanAmericandiplomatin Germany, to PresidentTruman,25June1948. RussianeffortstodrivetheWesternpowersfromBerlinareacrucialchallengetoAmericanForeignPolicy. Surrenderwoulddeliverto Russianvengeance,twomillionGermanswhohavedefiedcommunisttotalitarianism.TherearedisturbingrumoursofplanstoevacuatebecauseoftheRussianBlockadeinBerlin.EssentialsuppliesfortheGermanpopulationcanbedeliveredbyairandifnecessary, mustbeatwhatevercost.Weurgeyoutomakethiscountry’spositionunmistakeablebydeclaringthatunderallcircumstancesshortofwar, wewillremaininBerlinandmaintainsuppliesforthecivilianpopulation.Nothinglesscanadequatelyreassuredemocraticforcesin Germanyandelsewhere,thatthiscountrywillnotdesertthem. SourceD: A noteby theSovietGovernmentto theGovernmentsof GreatBritain,theUSAandFrance,ontheBerlinsituation,3October1948. It isnecessarytodeclarethattheresponsibilityforthesituationthathasariseninBerlinrestssquarelywiththeGovernmentsofGreatBritain,theUSAandFrance.TheGovernmentofGreatBritain,togetherwiththeGovernmentoftheUSA,begana policyofdividingGermanywithseparateeconomicunificationoftheAmericanandBritishzonesofoccupationofGermanyin1946.TheoperationofthispolicyjoinedbyFrancein WesternGermany, separatedfromtherestof Germany, isincreasinglyleadingtoagrowthofinfluenceofanti-democraticandNazielementswhoareresponsibleforthepreviousaggressivepolicyofGermanimperialismandwhohavenotgivenuptheirstrivingsforrevenge.Theseareathreatnotonlytoneighbouringcountriesbutalsoto thesecurityof thepeoplesof thewholeofEurope. SourceB: AmessageonthesituationinGermany, broadcastedthroughSovietradionetwork,3March1948. TheGermanairisfilledwithSoviettearsforGermany’splight.EverytearcarriesareproachagainsttheimperialistAmericanmonsterwhichmutilatestheFatherland.Germanyislikeabattlefield,strewnwithhands,armsandpartsofbodies,whilethebloodwasshedinthesand.ItistheUnitedStateswhichissolelyresponsibleforblockingGermany’sunification.TheUnitedStateswantsGermanytobetornapartinordertobuildupWesternGermany’seconomicpotentialityandcreatethere,intheheartofEurope,amilitarybaseofAmericanimperialism.Therealcauseofthetroublein Trizoneis thepro-Germanstanceof thepolicyleadingto economicchaosandgravepoliticalconsequences,not onlyin WesternGermanybutthroughoutWesternEurope.

5 SourceE: AcartoonbyaGermanwhowaslivinginBritainatthattime,1947.Thecaptionofthecartoonis‘Onepeople,tworepublics,noleader.’ SourceF: A viewbyanAmericanHistoryProfessorspecializingin theColdWar, 2024. ThetraditionalimageofSovietaggressionintheColdWarisaresultofthatconflictitself,andthereweresignificantAmericanactionsin the18monthspriorto theblockade,whichhadprovokedtheSovietsto finallytakesuchdrasticmeasures.TheseincludedtheeconomicmergeroftheUSandBritishzonesofoccupation,theannouncementof theTrumanDoctrineandtheMarshallPlan,thecreationoftheWirtschaftsrat(theEconomicCouncil)in theirzoneof occupation,andfinallytheLondon6-PowerConference,whichsetoutthebasicsforthecreationofaseparateWestGermanstate.It wasonlyafterthecurrencyreformwasexpandedintothewesternsectorsof Berlinon23JunethattheSovietsblockedaccesstothecity.Sovietlogicwasclear:iftheAmericanswantedtocreateaWestGermanstate,theywouldhavetoabandontheirenclavewithintheSovietoccupationzone. [Turnover

6 SectionB: Essays Answertwoquestions. 2 ‘ThemilitarygainedcontrolinJapaninthe1930sduetothegrowthofultranationalistgroups.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] 3 ‘TheUShadthemselvestoblamefortheoutcomeoftheVietnamWar.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] 4 ‘TheincreaseinoppositioninEasternEuropeledtothedeclineoftheUSSRinthe1980s.’Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?Explainyouranswer. [10] EndofPaper. Acknowledgements:SourceA Takenfromhttps://www.johndclare.net/cold_war9.htmSourceB Takenfromhttps://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP58-00597A000100050040-4.pdfSourceC Takenfromhttps://edsitement.neh.gov/sites/default/files/2018-08/ColdWar03.pdfSourceD Takenfromhttps://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/55c09dcc-a9f2-45e9-b240-eaef64452cae/43750634-b7c4-47a8-ba6c-f46e632f3d5d/Resources#b5d129c2-38f4-4a6b-9161-9cba14ba1bc3_en&overlaySourceE Takenfromhttps://www.hdg.de/lemo/bestand/objekt/karikatur-one-volk-two-reichs.htmlSourceF Takenfromhttps://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/perspective/cold-war-history-the-berlin-blockade-and-airlift

7 CRESCENTGIRLS’ SCHOOLSECONDARY2024 HISTORY 19August2924 MARKINGSCHEME [Turnover

8 SectionA(Source-BasedCaseStudy) 1(a) StudySourceA.Why was the poster published in September 1948? Explain youranswer. [5] Levels Descriptors MarkRange1 Describessource 1 2 MakingInference, unsupported 2 3 MakingInference, supportedAward3mfor inference, explainedAward4mfor inference, explainedwithcontextual knowledge 3-4 4 MakingInference, supportedwithpurposeAward4mfor inferencewithpurpose, explainedAward 5m for inference with purpose, explained with contextualknowledge Eg. SourceAwaspublishedtoconvincethepeopleinBritainthattheSovietUnionwasthemainaggressorof theBerlinCrisis,sothatthepeopleinBritainwouldcontinuetosupportitsgovernment’s effortin workingwiththeUStowardstheBerlinAirlift.SourceAshowstheimageofStalin,beingrepresentedbya bigcat,standingneara mousehole.Heseemedto havetossedoneofthemiceintheair, andthismouserepresentedthe Berliners.Thismeantthatthroughthe BerlinBlockadeimposedbyStalin,hehadstrikefearintothelivesofthepeople,thuscreatingmiseryforthem.Atthesametime,theWesternpowerswererepresentedby 3 othermicescurr