2024 VS Prelim

This paper consists of 7 printed pages, including the cover page. [Turn over Class Register Number Name HUMANITIES (HISTORY) (2261/02) 24/S4PR/HI WEDNESDAY 21 August 2024 1 hour 50 minutes VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHO OL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHO OL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHO OL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHO OL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL VICTORIA SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION SECONDARY FOUR Additional Material: Writing Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and register number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A: Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B: Answer two questions. Begin each question on a fresh page. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. Setters: Ms Chua Wai Yi, Mr Khoo Kay Yong Mrs Janice Chua and Mr Leo Hock Leng

@VICTORIA SCHOOL 23/S4PR/HI 2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. How useful is this source as evidence about Germany’s foreign policy towards Austria? Explain your answer. [6] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far would the cartoonists who drew these two cartoons have agreed with each other? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Sources D and E. How far does Source D make you surprised by what was reported in Source E? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source F. Why did Churchill say this in the British Parliament? Explain your answer. [5] (e) Study all the sources. ‘Anschluss was inevitable.’ How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

3 @VICTORIA SCHOOL 24/S4PR/HI Anschluss Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. A term in the Treaty of Versailles forbade the joining together (Anschluss) of Austria and Germany. Yet the union of Germany and Austria was a key aim of Hitler, who wanted to unite all German-speaking people in one country. In 1934, Austrian Nazi Party attempted to take over the Austrian government but was stopped by Mussolini of Italy who threatened Germany with force and Hitler promised to leave Austria alone. However, four years later, o n 12 March 1938 German troops invaded Austria. They faced almost no resistance. Anschluss was rapidly completed. Britain and France protested, but took no steps to prevent Hitler's invasion. Why was Hitler allowed to carry out the Anschluss and was it inevitable? Source A: An extract from the July Agreement between Austria and Germany, signed 11 July 1936. The Governments of the Federal State of Austria and of Germany have resolved to return to relations of a normal and friendly character. In this connection it is declared - (1) The German Government recognises the full sovereignty of the Federate State of Austria in the spirit of the pronouncements of the German Fuhrer and Chancellor of May 21, 1935. (2) Each of the two Governments regards the inner political affairs (including the question of Austrian National-Socialism*) as an internal concern of that country, upon which it will not exercise direct or indirect influence. The Austrian Federal Government will constantly follow in its policy in general, and in particular towards Germany, in line with leading principles based on the fact that Austria regards herself as a German State. *Nazism BACKGROUND INFORMATION

@VICTORIA SCHOOL 24/S4PR/HI 4 Source B: A British cartoon from 1934. It says, Dog of Peace? Italy: “Now none of your sniffing round here, Mind!”, Germany: “My dear fellow, nothing was further from my intention.”

@VICTORIA SCHOOL 24/S4PR/HI 5 Source C: A British cartoon from March 1938. Mussolini (on the left): “All right, Adolf – I never heard a shot.” ‘Austrian integrity’ means ‘Austrian independence’.

@VICTORIA SCHOOL 24/S4PR/HI 6 Source D: An extract from a radio broadcast by Austrian Chancellor, Kurt von Schuschnigg, on 11 March 1938. This day has placed us in a tragic and decisive situation. The German Government today handed to President Miklas an ultimatum, ordering him to nominate as chancellor a person designated by the German Government and to appoint members of a cabinet on the orders of the German Government; otherwise German troops would invade Austria. President Miklas has asked me to tell the people of Austria that we have yielded to force since we are not prepared even in this terrible situation to shed blood. We have decided to order the troops to offer no resistance. So I take leave of the Austrian people with the German word of farewell uttered from the depth of my heart: God protect Austria. Source E: From a report by German army officers who advanced into Austria on 12 March 1938. Nearly everywhere the advancing troops were greeted with enthusiasm. Elite mountain rangers tramped into Salzburg* to find its towers and churches bedecked with Nazi streamers, provincial pennants, and municipal banners. The narrow passages and spacious squares of the picturesque city, were crammed with "lively crowds," enraptured by "delirious enthusiasm," shouting "euphoric cheers that seemed to never end." Even in Tyrol*, well known for its hostility to National Socialism, the overall reaction was one of "boundless popular jubilation"; in Kufstein* cheering town dwellers welcomed the Sixty-first Regiment with flowers and cigarettes. *These are cities in the western part of Austria bordering Germany. Source F: A speech by Winston Churchill in the British Parliament on 14 March 1938. We cannot leave the Austrian question where it is. We await the further statement of the Government, but it is quite clear that we cannot accept as a final solution of the problem of Central Europe the event which occurred on 11th March. The public mind has been concentrated upon the moral and sentimental aspects of the Nazi conquest of Austria, a small country brutally struck down, its Government scattered to the winds, the oppression of the Nazi party doctrine imposed upon a Catholic population and upon the working classes of Austria and of Vienna, the hard ill -usage of persecution which indeed will ensue, which is probably in progress at the moment, of those who, this time last week, were exercising their undoubted political rights, discharging their duties faithfully to their own country.

@VICTORIA SCHOOL 24/S4PR/HI 7 Section B: Essays Answer two questions. 2 ‘The reason for the fall of de