NYGH 2018-S3EOY-Adv Hist

1 Class Register Number Name 南洋女子中学校 NANYANG GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL End of Year Examination 2018 SECONDARY THREE Advanced History 2 hour 30 minutes Thursday 04 October 2018 1145-1415 hours Setter: BT This document consists of 7 printed pages [Turn over] READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Read the instructions for each section carefully before attempting the questions. Answer ALL questions in Section A, B and C on the writing paper provided. Tie your answers to Sections A, B and C together in one bundle and submit them together. INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Answer ALL questions in this paper.

2 Source A: A political cartoon taken from an American editorial published in 1934 commenting on the rule of Stalin. ‘Stalin, The Terrible was a reference made to previous Russian Tsar ‘Ivan, The Terrible’ who was renowned for his cruelty and harsh rule in Russia. Section A: Source-Based Case Study Answer all parts of Question 1. Question 1 is compulsory for all students In answering the questions you should use your knowledge and understanding of the period to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. You must use the sources to which you are specifically directed, but you may use any of the other sources where they are helpful. ISSUE: To what extent did Stalin’s rule benefit the Soviet Union?

3 Source B: A Soviet poster published in 1934 focusing on collectivization. Source C: An account made by a historian following the release of the declassified Soviet papers in 1991. Whatever the case may be, collectivization did not increase Soviet agricultural output, but reduced it catastrophically. First of all, the losses in livestock were not made up until the early 1950s, although without the war this might have occurred sooner. Furthermore, there were few agricultural machines to go around, so in 1932 "Motor Tractor Stations" (MTS) were established, each of which had to serve several collective farms. This meant in turn, that collective farms had to compete with each other in bribing the local MTS and some always came off short. Also, there was shortage of trained farm managers; so at first, they were party workers sent down to run the farm and coerce the peasants. Finally, and most importantly, the peasants were unwilling to work hard because they were paid very little and mostly in kind. Source D: An assessment on the first Five Year Plan launched by Stalin released in 1988. During the first two Five Year Plans (FYPs) of 1929 -39, huge hydroelectric dams were built as well as canals, mines, and factories. They were built in record time, using both free and prison labour. The latter formed an important part of all FYPs after 1934. Prisoners built the White Sea Canal, mostly by hand; they laid thousands of miles of railway track, manned the lumber industry, also the gold mines of Kolyma and the coal mines of Vorkuta. Millions of people died of cold, malnutrition and disease in the labour camps. They became known as the GULAG, the Russian acronym for State Administration of Camps. Workers were encouraged and often forced to work overtime. Managers, who were party members, drove the workers relentlessly because they risked prison, or deportation, or even death for "sabotage" if production targets were not met.

4 Source E: An account by Alexander Orlov who was a former NKVD officer who escaped to the United States. Stalin decided to arrange for the assassination of Kirov and to lay the crime at the door of the former leaders of the opposition and thus with one bl ow do away with Lenin's former comrades. Stalin came to the conclusion that, if he could prove that Zinoviev and Kamenev and other leaders of the opposition had shed the blood of Kirov, "the beloved son of the party", a member of the Politburo, he then would be justified in demanding blood for blood. Source F: An assessment made on Stalin’s purges and reign of terror, in 2006. Thus, Kirov's murder was Stalin's pretext to start a series of purges in the party. There were mass arrests, which included not o nly the suspects, but also their families, supporters, friends and acquaintances. It is estimated that some 40 million Soviet citizens lost their lives under Stalin's rule. After the opening of Russian archives in the early 1990s, estimates have been broken down into victims of the GULAG (forced labor camps), and executions, of which most, over 600,000, took place in the "Great Terror" of 1937-38. The total number of those killed during collectivization, in the purges of the 1930s and in later years, i.e. up to Stalin's death in March 1953, is disputed but ranges between 5 and 7 million, the vast majority of whom were Ukrainians. Answer all parts of this source-based question. 1(a) Study Source A Why was the source produced? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C How far would both sources agree on the issue of collectivisation? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D Are you surprised by the claims made in the source? Explain your answer. [6]

5 Section B: Source-Base Case Study II In answering the question you should use your knowledge and understanding of the period to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. You must use the sources to which you are specifically directed, but you may use any of the other sources where they are helpful. ISSUE: To what extent should Hitler be credited for the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in the 1930s? Source A: A summative account of Adolf Hitler prepared by the British Embassy in 1937. As a speaker, Hitler exercises astonishing sway over a German audience, presumably because public speaking is an unknown art in Germany. His speeches are practically repetitions of a few simple main theses, in the course of which platitudes are uttered with such extraordinary emphasis that an unsophisticated audience mistakes them for newly minted political aphorisms. He has sized up the German audience during his fifteen years of apprenticeship with astonishing accuracy. This and an undeniable political instinct have brought him to the top of the tree. None of his followers approach him in demagogic talent. He alone can rouse the crowd to that state of political frenzy which makes all argument futile. Source B: A news report on the Reichstag Fire published in the New York Times two days after the incident.

6 Source C: A revisionist account on the economic situation in Germany during the early 1930s. During 1930–1933, the mood in Germany was grim. The worldwide economic depression had hit the country hard, and millions of people were out of work. The unemployed were joined by millions of others who linked the Depression to Germany's national humiliation after defeat in World War I . Many Germans perceived the parliamentary government coalition as weak and unable to alleviate the economic crisis. Widespread economic misery, fear, and per ception of worse times to come, as well as anger and impatience with the apparent failure of the government to manage the crisis, offered fertile ground for the rise of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. Source D: Hitler addressing the SA and SS after becoming chancellor in 1933. We have in our movement developed this loyalty in following the leader, this blind obedience of which all the others know nothing and which gave to us the power to surmount everything… But this instrument of blind obedience remained unbroken, remained steadfast. All we endured was but tests from which we emerged stronger than ever. In addition we have fostered the virtue of bravery. Today millions are pouring into our ranks. But the greater part of them must learn now what this brown army has practiced for yea