MI_History promotional examination 2008_H2

Promotional Examination 2008 Pre-university 2 INTERNATIONAL HISTORY, 1945-2000 PAPER 1 9731/1 Wednesday 10 September 2008 3 hours Additional materials: Answer paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and admission number in the spaces at the top of this page and on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1 Section B Answer three questions from this section. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. _________________________________________________________________________________ This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.

_________________________________________________________________________________ This question paper consists of 4 printed pages. SECTION A: THE UNITED NATIONS AND GLOBAL AFFAIRS, 1945-2000 You must answer Question 1 THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) Source A Reading the decision with grave deliberation to a packed courtroom in the Palace of Peace, the president of the court, T. O. Elias, said the judges had voted unanimously to call on the United States to stop immediately any involve ment in the mining of Nicaraguan ports… The second part of the ruling, contending that Ni caragua's sovereignty and political independence "should be fully respected and should not in any way be jeopardized by any military and paramilitary activities which are prohibited by the principles of international law," was approved by 14 votes to one. If the administration ultimately refuses to abide by the final decision, the United States would join Iceland, Iran and Albania as the only countries to defy the World Court in the 42 rulings that it has handed down during the past four decades. Extract from Washington Post, 11 May 1984. Source B The World Court, as the ICJ is called, has never played a major role in peaceful dispute resolution. It is seldom used by sovereign st ates, and the U. S. is no exception. Since our formal but qualified recognition of the court's compulsory ju risdiction in 1946, we have gone to the World Court in only a handful of cases. Our application to the court during the Iran hostage crisis was the first U.S. appearance there in 35 years. Our refusal to recognize completely the World Court's compulsory jurisdiction hardly constitutes a major threat to th e concept of peace through intern ational law, assuming that in an age of political violence and state-sponsored terrorism such a concept still even exists. We simply join a host of countries who hold to th e view that the only disputes the World Court should, or adequately could, decide are those which both disputing parties are willing to place before it. Jo