NYJC H2 Prelim 2008 Paper 2

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE Preliminary Examination H2 GEOGRAPHY 9730/02 Human Geography 17 September 2008 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper Insert World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your class, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. The Insert contains the Table(s) and all the Figures referred to in the question paper. You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the questions. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages and 1 insert. [Turn over

2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Fig. 1 shows the chain of links through the global economy. (a) What do you understand by the term production chain? [4] (b) Using examples you have studied, show how certain Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have organised their activities in the manner depicted in the model. [8] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Table 1 shows the Mortality Indices of Sydney, Australia, from 1901 to 1995-7. (a) What is meant by the term life expectancy? [ 1 ] (b) As one of the largest Australian cities, how would Sydney’s infant mortality rate differ from the rest of the country? [4] Table 2 shows years of potential life lost through deaths before age 75 in 1995-7 for Sydney, Australia. (c) Account for the trend in the causes of death as shown in Table 2. [7] Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Fig. 2A shows a model of a city dependent on public transport while Fig. 2B shows a model of a city dependent on private transport. (a) Describe the effects transportation has on the spatial layout of a city as shown in Figs 2A and 2B. [4] (b) Explain briefly one social problem traffic congestion can bring about in a city. [ 2 ] (c) Suggest two reasons why cities find it a challenge to encourage private transport users to switch to public transport. [6]

3 Population Issues and Challenges and Globalisation of Economic Activity 4 Fig. 3 shows the proportion of immigrants in Europe by region of origin in 2005. (a) Describe the trends as shown on Fig. 3. [3] (b) What demographic profile is likely to typify these migrants? [4] (c) Show how the globalisation of economic activities has led to the pattern of migration in Europe. [7] Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) What roles do small-medium enterprises (SMEs) perform in the modern global economy and in turn how does globalisation affect them? [9] (b) Does the increasing globalisation of economic activities erode the role of the nation-state? [16] OR (a) What factors help to explain the trends of offshoring and internationalisation of services? [9] (b) To what extent has the introduction of technology affected the nature of work both in the manufacturing and service sectors? [16]

4 Population Issues and Challenges 6 EITHER Fig. 4 shows the projected date by which selected world areas will reach zero population growth. (a) Account for the different dates by which these regions will reach zero population g r o w t h . [ 9 ] (b) Discuss how proximate determinants of fertility have affected the demography of a country you have studied. [16] OR (a) With reference to examples you have studied, show how countries have experienced population-resource disequilibrium. [9] (b) Assess the effectiveness of population policies that have been implemented to address the population-resource disequilibrium. [16] Urban Issues and Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Explain the co-existence of squatter settlements and gated communities in some urban areas. [9] (b) Show why urban regeneration is sometimes necessary. Evaluate the success of two strategies employed to achieve this purpose in one or more urban areas you have studied. [16] OR (a) Should urban hierarchy be considered as fixed or as changing? Support your answer with examples. [9] (b) Describe the challenges of living in large cities and assess the responses to these challenges. [16]