HCI H2 Geog Prelim P2

HCI PRELIMS 2008 9730/02/S/08 GEOGRAPHY 9730/02 PAPER 2 Human Geography 12 September 2008 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper Insert World Outline Map READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CT on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. The insert contains all the Figures referred to in the question paper. Diagrams and sketch maps should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The world outline map may be annotated and handed in with relevant answers. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the test, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over HWA CHONG INSTITUTION College 2 Preliminary Examination 2008 General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 HWA CHONG INSTITUTION

HCI PRELIMS 2008 9730/02/S/08 2 Section A Answer all the questions in this section. Questions 1, 2 and 3 carry 12 marks and Question 4 carries 14 marks. You should allocate your time accordingly. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 1 Fig. 1 shows the different types of production system. (a) Describe mass customization in industry and explain its possible advantages. [4] (b) Using Fig. 1, identify and explain two broad trends in the organisation of production in a post-Fordist era. [4] (c) What are the implications of the changing relative importance of production processes? [4] Population Issues and Challenges 2 Fig. 2 provides an outline map of selected states in India, and data on the states’ average fertility rates and per capita spending on health and education. (a) Define the term fertility rate. [2] (b) From the data given in Fig. 2, describe the main features of the distribution of fertility rate. [4] (c) What relationships are suggested by the data: (i) between fertility rate and health spending, (ii) between fertility rate and education spending? [4] (d) Briefly describe one other factor which influence fertility rate. [2] Urban Issues and Challenges 3 Fig. 3 shows the distribution of squatter settlements in Lima in 2004. Lima is the capital of Peru, a less developed country (LDC) in Latin America. In 2004 the city’s population was 7.8 million. (a) Compare the location and extent of squatter settlements in the districts named Metropolitan Lima and Cono Sur. [4] (b) Squatter settlements can be seen as ‘slums of hope’. Explain why living in a squatter settlement may be a positive experience for many people. [4] (c) Explain how you might undertake primary fieldwork to investigate the character of squatter settlements in one or more of the districts shown in Fig. 3. [4]

HCI PRELIMS 2008 9730/02/S/08 3 The Globalisation of Economic Activity / Population Issues and Challenges 4 Fig. 4A shows the population of South Korea, a mature newly industrialising economy (NIE), from 1950-2005. Fig. 4B shows the crude birth and death rates during the same period. Fig. 4C is an extract about the electronics industry. Fig. 4D shows the location of South Korea. (a) Describe the pattern of population change shown in Figs. 4A and 4B. [3] (b) Suggest reasons for the pattern of population change described in (a). [4] (c) With the help of Fig. 4C, describe and explain the development of South Korea into a mature NIE. [7] Section B Answer two questions, each from a different topic. All questions carry 25 marks. The Globalisation of Economic Activity 5 EITHER (a) “In 2003, the Dr. Martens company moved the production of its boots from the UK, where a worker was paid $490 a week, to China, where the weekly wage was $25.” What other advantages may a location in less developed countries (LDCs) offer to manufacturers, apart from low labour costs? (b) To what extent is the North-South divide (from the Brandt Report, 1980), shown in Fig. 5, helpful in understanding today’s global economy? Support your answers with examples. [9] [16] OR (a) With the help of one or more examples, describe the character of supranational bodies and the impact on national or regional economies. (b) To what extent is an appreciation of the new international division of labour fundamental to understanding the organisation and operation of transnational corporations (TNCs)? [9] [16] [Turn over

HCI PRELIMS 2008 9730/02/S/08 4 Population Issues and Challenges 6 EITHER (a) Explain the key concepts of Malthus’ theory of population change. (b) ‘Globalisation has increased the flow of transnational migrants and the complexity of their movements.’ Assess the extent to which this is true for migratory flows you have studied. [9] [16] OR (a) Describe and explain the trends in the migration of people in recent years. (b) To what extent do you agree that governments can control and manage population change? [9] [16] Urban Issues and Challenges 7 EITHER (a) Describe the operation of centrifugal forces and centripetal forces in the central city and explain why these forces occur. (b) Assess the effectiveness of management strategies used to reduce transport problems. [9] [16] OR (a) Using examples, explain the challenges faced by governments and urban planners in megacities. (b) Assess the effectiveness of different strategies in re-imaging the central city. [9] [16]