S1 History Notes

IntroductionWhat ishistory?● StudyofthepastHistorian● Personwhostudiesthepast● TriestogiveanobjectiveinterpretationofitArcheologist● Personwhostudiesthepastbyusingartefactstodiscoverclues● HelpswiththestudyforhistoriansWhystudyhistory?● Understandwhatpeoplewentthrough● Makingconnectionsbetweenpastandpresenttoanticipatefuture● AcquirecriticalthinkingskillsTypesof historical sources● Textual/writtenaccountsuchasofficialdocuments,reports,letters,diaries● Oralaccounts● Interview● Artefact● Manmadestuffsuchascoins● Posters,photographs,drawingHistorical sources● Primary(1sthand)sourcesfromtimeofevent● Secondary(2ndhand)sourcesareinfothatanalyzetheevent● ThesesourcesusuallyuseseveralprimarysourcesandcompiletheinformationStagesof historical inquiry● Askquestions● Gathersources● Examinethesources● WritealogicalconclusionWhat ischronology● Arrangementofpasteventsaccordingtoorderinwhichtheytookplace● Helpshistoriansastheyplaceeventsintochronologicalordertobetterunderstandwhathappenedinatimeperiodinthepast● Canbedonebyarrangingeventsontheyeartheyoccurred● BCE-BeforeCommonEra● CE-CommonEra● AD-AnnoDomini(InTheYearofourLord)● BC(BeforeChrist)What isArcheology?● StudyofphysicalremainsofpasthumansocietiesKeyexcavationsitesinSingapore● Fortcanninghill(BukitLarang/ForbiddenHillasroyalfamilylivedthere)● Oldparliamenthouse● EmpresspalaceKeyfindings● Pottery(Chinese13-14thcentury)● Coins● Leadfigurine Chapter1● 1stmajormalayseamaritimekingdomSriVijaya(650-1377)

● WealthfrommaritimetradebetweenIndiaandChina○ Peoplelivenearthewater○ BuddistHindusWhydidSingaporeriseasatradingwhenSrivijayafell?● FallofSrivijaya● StrategiclocationalongStraitsofMelaka● TakingadvantageofmonsoonwindsRolesof OrangLaut● Goodnavalfightersandboatmen○ AbletoforcepassingshipstouseSingaporeasaharbour● SkilledingatheringproductsforsaleandforestsfortradeWhydidSingaporefall during15thcentury?● Severechangesinweatherpatterns● DroughtsandfamineinChina● Chineseeconomycollapsed● Chinesetradedeclined● LossofSingaporeanwealthin15thcentury● InvasionADBREAK—VASSAL● Avassalstateisanystatethathasamutualobligationtoasuperiorstateorempire● StatussimilartothatofavassalinthefeudalsysteminmedievalEurope● Mutualobligationbeingwomen,gold,silkContinued–invasionWhoinvadedSingapore?● Account1(MalayAnnals)--MajapahitEmpire(Indonesia)● Account2(Portuguesein1500)--KingdomofAyutthaya● LastkingofSingaporefledtoMelaka○ InAccount1Parameswaraisachief(daughterkilledandhumiliated)○ InAccount2ParameswaraisthelastkingofSingapore(killedpreviouskingcalledhimselfking)WhydidParameswarabuildMelaka?● Sawmousedeerfightinghishuntingdogs● Impressedbymousedeeranddecidedtobuildacitythere,namingitafterMelakatreeWhat ParameswaradidtoimprovetradeinMelaka?● Marriedamuslim,attractingmuslimtraders● MademelakaavassaltoChina(explainedinpreviousadbreak)● ChinawillthenprotectMelakafromrivalsWhat wasSingaporelikein15thcentury● OvershadowedbyMelaka● HometoOrangLautwhoweretheBackboneofMelaka’snavalforcesArrival of theEuropeans● Inthe15thCentury,Europeansa