DHS Y3 History WA2 practice paper 2022 (Chinese Revolution)

`DUNMANHIGHSCHOOLHUMANITIESANDARTSPROGRAMMEYEAR3HistoryUnit1Worksheet Name:__________________________( ) Class:________ SBQPRACTICE-1911CHINESEREVOLUTION SectionA(18marks) Question1iscompulsoryforallcandidates. StudytheBackgroundInformationandthesourcescarefully, andthenanswerallthequestions.Youmayuseanyof thesourcesto helpyouanswerthequestions,inadditionto thosesourcesyouweretoldto use.In answeringthequestions,youshoulduseyourknowledgeof thetopicto helpyouinterpretandevaluatethesources. (a) StudySourceA. What isthemessageof thissource?Explainyour answer. [5] (b) StudySourceB. Whywasthissourcepublished?Explainyour answer. [6] (c) StudySourceC. Howuseful isthissourcetoahistorianstudyingthe1911Revolution?Explainyour answer. [7]

Didforeignintrusionleadtooutbreakofthe1911Revolution? BACKGROUNDINFORMATION Readthiscarefully. Itmayhelpyoutoanswersomeofthequestions. TheQingperiodwasoneof rapidandprofoundchangein China.Qingemperorswereconfrontedby numerouschallenges,includingthearrivalof foreignersandChristianmissionaries,internalunrestandrebellionsandtheweakeningof theircentralisedpower. Bythe19thcentury, ChinawasbeingthreatenedandbulliedbyWesternimperialpowers,particularlyBritain,whichdefeatedtheQingintwoOpiumWars. Thisledmanytoaskthequestion,didforeignintrusionleadtotheoutbreakofthe1911Revolution? SourceA: A speechbyFengGuifen,a teacherandofficialin 1861.Inroads,pg40. Whenwespeakof repellingthebarbarians, wemust havetheactual meanstorepel them, andnotjust emptybravado. Weshouldaskwithwhat instrumentswearetousetorepel them…(Theanswer isthat) weshouldusetheinstrumentsof thebarbarians, but not thewaysof thebarbarians. SourceB: A cartoonentitled,“A troublesomeeggto hatch”by an Amerciancartoonistinawesternmagazine,1901. 2

SourceC: Viewsof an American-ChineseHistorian,2000.(Milestonespg 35workbook,RArasumani) The Chinese people believed that the way to change the society was through revolution. TheManchus ruled China for hundreds of years until a man led such a revolution. The most importantevent that Sun had done for China was overthrowing the Manchu Monarchy. In 1905, Dr Sunorganized a revolutionary society to overthrow the Manchus. After ten failed uprisings thatsacrificed countless young lives on 10 October 1911, Sun’s supporters created the Republic ofChina. SourceD: Viewsofa ChineseGeneralwhotookpartin the1911 Revolutiononthesideoftherevolutionaries,1913.(Milestonesworkbook,pg36) Theworldhasa wrongideaaboutSunYatSen.Hehadnothingtodowiththeactualworkofoverthrowingthemonarchy. TheRevolutionwasfinishedwhenhereachedChina.I hardlyhadheardof himanddidnotknowhispoliticalviews.If heeverprovidedanytangibleaidtotherealrevolution,I didnotknowit.Hisreputeislargelyfoundedonfiction. SourceE:Anextractfroma HistoryBookonfalloftheManchuEmpire,1644-1912.FromCatchpole,B.,(1978).AMapHistoryofmodernChina.HeinemannEducationalBooks,p17. When the Manchu Emperors first came to China’s ‘Dragon Throne’, the country’s population wasincreasing at an unprecedented rate. But they made no attempt toadjust theeconomyaccordinglyand China’s limited farmland was unable to cope with the demand for food. It was not longbeforethe peasants began to suffer fromthe uncontrolled population explosion and in particular fromitseconomic side effects. At the same time, missionaries roamed the land in their quest for‘Christians’; western merchants bargained for tea, silk and art treasures; foreign gun-boatsappearedinimperial waters; peasant uprisingsthreatenedtheentirefabricof government. SourceAcknowledgements: SourceA: SHLim, YPTham, ZPWang&LYeo(2000). Inroads: ModernWorldHistory, OxfordUniversityPress, pg40.SourceB: Gates, Chris&Morgan, Elizabeth(2015). China&Revolution, Nelson, pg15.SourceC: Tate, Nicholas&Arasumani, R(2000). Milestones: Ahistoryof the20 th Century, Federal Publications, pg35.SourceD: Tate, Nicholas&Arasumani, R(2000). Milestones: Ahistoryof the20 th Century, Federal Publications, pg36.SourceE: Catchpole, B., (1978). AMapHistoryof modernChina. HeinemannEducational Books, pg17. 3

AnswerScheme SourceBasedCaseStudy (a)StudySourceA.Whatisthemessageofthissource?Explainyouranswer. [5] Level Level Descriptors Marks1 Describingthesourcewithout makingvalidmessage 12 Validinference,unsupported/unexplained.Award3 marksfor twovalidinferencesidentifiedor for moredevelopeddescriptionofinference. Qinggovernmenthadlostitsmilitaryadvantage. Qinggovernmentlackedmilitaryweapons. 2 3 Validsub-messageidentified,supportedwithevidenceORexplanation. Thespeakerwantedto sendthemessagethattheycouldnotfightwiththeforeignersas theywerenoton parin termsofmodernmilitaryweapons. 3 4 Validmessage,fullyexplained,withuseofsourcedetailsassupport.Award4marksforpartiallydevelopedanswers,explainedwithsourcedetailsANDhistoricalcontext.Award5marksforfullydevelopedanswers,explainedwithsourcedetailsANDhistoricalcontext. E.g. Thespeakerwantedto sendthemessagethattheycouldnotfightwiththeforeignersas theywerenoton parin termsofmodernmilitaryequipment. Inhisspeech, Guifensaidthis, “Weshouldaskwithwhat instrumentswearetousetorepel them…(Theanswer isthat) weshouldusetheinstrumentsofthebarbarians, but not thewaysof thebarbarians.” Thisimpliesthat Chinawasweakmilitarilyastheydidnot havethemodernandpowerful weaponsthat theWest possessed. [4m]Thisspeechwasmadeafter China’sdefeat bytheforeignpowersintheOpiumWars which shocked the Qing government. TheQinggovernment paidalargesum of indemnity, opened up more ports to foreigners and ceded Hong Kongto Britain. In1860, ChinawasdefeatedbyacombinedAnglo-Frenchforceandthe Emperor’s Summer Palace was burnt down. Some Manchu officials likeFeng Guifen realisedthat Chinamust changeinorder tosurviveinthemodernworld. They believed that China needed Western technology and science tocounter Westernmilitarystrength. [5m] 4-5 4

b)StudySourceB.Whywasthissourcepublished?Explainyouranswer. [6] Level Level Descriptors Marks1 Describingthesourcewithout answeringthequestion. E.g.Westernpowerswerethechickens. 1 2 Validinference, without anyevidenceor explanation. E.g.Hitler hadsupporterswhoprovidedfinanical aidtohim. 2 3 Validinference/message, withevidenceandexplanation. E.g.The illustration shows western powers trying to gain special concessionsfromthe western countries. Source B shows the rulers of Russia, Germany, Italy,Austria, France & Britain as “chickens” trying to hatch a large egg labelled,“China”. A chicken labelled Japan stood in the background with the US,perched on a fence in the rear. This meansthat apart fromtheUSandJapan,the other western powers were tryingtobreaktheChinaeggbymakingChinaopen more treaty ports for trade and lease out more territories as part of theconcession. 3 4 Purposeidentified, withevidenceandexplanation, supportedwithsourcedetailsandhistorical context. Award4marksforpurposeidentifiedwithweakexplanation.Award5marksforclearexplanationbyusingAMAOandhistoricalcontext. E.gThe American cartoonist wants to persaude the imperial powers not to breakup China as this could lead to adverse reaction from the Chinese. Theillustration shows therulersof Russia, Germany, Italy, Austria, France&Britainas “chickens” trying to hatch a large egg labelled, China. This means that theimperial powers were attempting to exploit China keen to secure rights andprivileges fromChina when they sat on the egg to hatch it. They made Chinaopen upmoretreatyportsfor tradeandleaseout moreterritoriesaspart of theconcession. In the 1890s, in the scramble for concessions, France, Britain,Russia &GermanyforcedtheChinesetoenter intoafurther seriesof “unequaltreaties” in which the European nations extended their territorial andcommercial interestsinChina.But a chicken labelled “Japan” stood in the background with the USperchedon a fence in the rear. This means that the USand Japan looked on as theother western powers tried to carve up China for their own benefits. Mycontextual knowledge tells me that the USadopted a policyfor preventingthesub-division of China. The Open-Door policy, first initiated in 189