Year 1 History notes (Founder of Singapore)

WHO IS THE TRUE FOUNDER OF SINGAPORE? Why are we interested in finding out who is the founder of Singapore? 0 -So that our future generations will not be confused about our history a -We do not want people to have an inaccurate understanding of our history. Why has our understanding of history changed? o ->Change in focus->Things that we consider important Words and phrases related to founder Em o athetic Grandfather/Father Visionary . Hardworking Someone who establishes a lace Pioneer Develo — Perseverance Searcher — Separating it further... Personal traits/qualities — Actions Discoverin a lace Establishin somethin Develo somethin Examples of founders 0 Steve Jobs, Founded Apple 0 Olivia Lum, Founded Hyflux 0 Sim Wong Hoo, Founded Creative What does it mean to be a ‘founder' of a place or an organization? 0 -The driving force, the person who made it all possible 0 -The iconic figure who is instantly recognizable as the leader of an organization a -.The person with a vision, a grand plan on what a place or organization should be like. What is modern? 0 21st century 4 o ‘Evolutionary’ -->From the past to the present

- Revolutionary-->Radical change 0 Technology What is modern now may not be in 100 years time! “modern’ changes over time! Modern Singapore 0 Developed o Changi Airport, Jewel o Gardens by the bay 0 Marina bay sands Many of the things Raffles and Farquhar did laid the foundation for Singapore today! Definition of Modern 0 The ensemble of socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance in the “Age of Reason” of 17th century thought and 18th century “Enlightenment” 0 Some people think that the era of modernity ended by 1930, with WW2 in 1945, or the 19803 or 1990s, the following era is called postmodernity. When did modernity/ enlightenment begin in Singapore? 0 1819 Modemity as a relative? Dictionary definition: Relating to the recent or present times as opposed to the remote past. 0 When is recent? When is remote? © What VISION should a founder have? © What QUALITIES should a founder possess? © What ACTIONS should a founder possess? Raffles as the founder of Singapore Actions Raffles town plan lm - act of actions 0 Raffles had a vision of Instituted laws, Singapore as a banned vices peaceful, morally Segregates races into upright colony different 0 Able to avoid racial neighborhoods conflict in Singapore and ensure peace among the races, leads to more safety. more traders being attracted to Singapore, economic boom.

- Exploited the succession dispute despite risking his career and angering Lord Hastin s Audacity,Daring take over Singapore and overcome the platform of Dutch opposition Arguments against x Lack of practicality --> planned for Singapore to be a free port but did not anticipate how this would lead to a lack of revenue and how to solve this problem x Absent father at Did not execute his plans and left them to someone else. Full profile - Raffles ambition and vision which led to the search for another British base in SEA 0 Vision that Singapore was to be ‘A free port open to ships and vessels of every nation, free of duty, equally and alike to all’----laid the foundation for modern Singapore’s strategy for economic survival 0 Created the initial town plan for the Singapore Town--- Knew how to organise the settlement for it to grow orderly (Splitting the settlement into different segments for each race, prevent racial riots, Singapore safer place, people come here to trade) Actions 0 Took active steps to achieve his vision, carried it out o Legitimated Sultan Hussein and signed the treaty of 1819, putting his career on risk, gave the British the right to set up a trading post 0 Personally selected and directed the officers (Crawford, Farquhar) who would run Singapore on his behalf 0 lnstituted a magistracy (Judge with court, administer justice, ensure law and order and safety, people's interests can be protected) to dish out fairness in accordance to the laws he had set out. 0 June 1819 Raffles sent Farquhar a series of instructions detailing the zoning of the town, including a designated area for the government and public quarters, a marine yard, 3 zone for industries, a European town, a Kampong for Chinese, Indians and Malays. Qualities - Foresight >Recognized the strategic advantages of Singapore (Raffles Town plan, free port policy) 0 Maverick (Takes risks) >Defied orders of his superiors in the EIC to bring about the founding of Singapore. Against - But was also stubborn, ruthless and insensitive---> Abrupt dismissal of Farquhar

0 Had not been the most practical of company officials --—>Abolishment of slavery. gambling, sale of opium. - Absent father-->Was only in Singapore for about 9 months ——> 9 days in Jan to Feb 1819 —> 4 weeks in May to June 1819 —+ 8 months from October 1822 to June 1823 a He left Singapore shortly after it was established, and did not have an active role in governing Singapore. Willilam Farquhar as the founder of Singapore Personal - ualities Knowledge of Malay rulers Farquhar told succession Raffles had legal right to establish Singapore, without which Singapore could not be develoed economicall Foresight ‘ Farquhar was able to foresee Introduced policies such as 2 threats to Singapore’s money for rats, no throwing economic rowth of arbae on the streets dispute to Raffles Pragmatic/practical Selling of opium and- Revenue raised for gambling licenses Singapore's police force, anti- piracy, more traders attracted. Singapore grew economically. Farquhar played an important role in the growth and development of Sinaore. Full profile 0 William Farquhar was born in the UK 1774 o Entered the service of the EIC as a military cadet at 17 o Served as a military engineer, helping the British capture Melaka from the Dutch in 1795 o Assisted Raffles with the invasion of Java in 1811 0 Previously the Governor-general of Melaka when it was under British rule 0 First British resident of Singapore ‘ o Raffles‘ good friend, shared his vision of a third port in SEA 1 Farquhar’s contributions 0 intimate knowledge of Malay politics —+ Farquhar alerted Raffles to the situation dispute in the Johor Sultanate o Sensitive to the Malay customs and practices and well-loved by the people —> Allowed sultan and Temmenggong to retain some of their traditional rights over duties and slaves (Knew them very well) - Connections with Melaka: Sent news that Singapore has been founded by the British---- Ensured that Singapore had enough provision in its early days.

—> Melaka exodus in 1823: 5000 traders, peddlers, carpenters, laborers and others left Melaka to follow Farquhar to Singapore. - Arranged for the bank of the Singapore River to be cleared for larger ships to enter the harbor —> Blew up the Singapore Stone in the process, shows how he is a pragmatist and is willing to do anything to achieve his goal. Ensured the growth and survival of Singapore Raffles left him in charge of the settlement, with no monetary support from the EIC Raffles' free port policy and his banning of the sale of opium and gambling meant that there was no substantial revenue earned from traders who came to Singapore. Sold licenses for gambling and the sale of liquor. ,_ g j a, The profits helped to fund the government, established a first re"g"u"'”la‘r""‘p'o'£li'c'-e force, expeditions to put down piracy, street cleaners and even grass cuttHeVrls. ——) Annual trade totalled 13 million Spanish dollars by 1823 -» ll“ llAgainst Farquhar r}. x Had the knowledge of local politics but was not the one wr‘t_h”t“he vision and the drive to push for a new port east of Melaka "‘ x His qualities and morals were questionable-->Al|owed vices to_“"'L_,perpetrate in Singapore. What type of Singapore do we want out roots to be planted in?“""~ When Raffles returned to Singapore in October 1822.... 0 His reaction was one of happiness, because Singapore’s success was. ob