NYGH 2014-S3MYE-Adv Hist

Register Number: Name: Class: 南洋女子中学校 NANYANG GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL MID-YEAR EXAMINATION 2014 HUMANITIES PROGRAMME (HP) SECONDARY 3 ADVANCED HISTORY Modern World History, 1900-2000 1 hour 40 minutes FRIDAY 9 May 2014 0800-0940 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Do not turn over the page until you are told to do so. Write your name, register number and class in the spaces provided on the writing paper. Write in dark blue or black ink on both sides of the paper. Section A: You must answer ALL PARTS of Question 1. Section B: Answer ALL question. Begin each section on a fresh page. Leave a line between each part. For example, leave one line between part (a) and part (b). At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Setter: LCHUA This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over

2 SECTION A (20 marks) Answer all parts of Question 1 In answering the questions you should use your knowledge and understanding of the period to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. You must use the sources to which you are specifically directed, but you may use any of the other sources where they are helpful. Was the American government responsible for the bust in the 1930s? Source A: Adapted from Herbert Hoover’s acceptance speech at Madison Square Garden, New York, in October 1928 when he was chosen as the Republican Party’s candidate for Presidential Elections which would be held the following month. The theme of his speech was Rugged Individualism. Governmental conduct of business would destroy political equality. It would increase rather than decrease abuse and corruption. It would stifle initiative and invention. It would cramp and cripple the mental and spiritual energies of our people. It would extinguish equality and opportunity. By adherence to the principles of decentralized self- government, ordered liberty, equal opportunity, and freedom to the individual our American experiment in human welfare has yielded a degree of well-being unparalleled in the world. It has come nearer to the abolition of poverty, to the abolition of fear of want, than humanity has ever reached before. Source B: The table shows the production of goods in America from 1920 to 1929. 1920 1929 Motor Cars 9 million 26 million Telephones 13 million 20 million Radios 600 000 10 million Source C: Monthly earnings in 1929 in the US by historian Steven Waugh. Occupation Monthly salary (US$) South Carolina farmer 129 South Carolina town worker 412 New York Town Worker 881 Californian fruit farmer 1246

3 Source D: An extract from Frederick Lewis Allen’s book, Only Yesterday, An Informal History of the 1920s, published in 1931. Frederick Allan was an editor of Harper's Magazine and also notable as an American historian of the first half of the twentieth century. The rich man's chauffer drove with his ears laid back to catch the news of an impending move in Bethlehem Steel; he held 50 shares himself. The window-cleaner at the banker's office paused to watch the ticker, for he was thinking of converting his savings into a few shares of Simmons, a broker's valet who made nearly a quarter of a million on the market, a trained nurse who cleaned up $30,000 following the tips given her by grateful patients; and the Wyoming cattleman, 30 miles from the nearest railroad, who bought or sold 1,000 shares a day. Source E: A historian looks at some of the weaknesses of the American economy in the 1920s. The economic system failed to share out wealth fairly. Too much money went into profits and industrial expansion, and not enough went into the hands of the workers, who were the consumers. Factory production increased 43% during the 1920s, but the wages of industrial workers only rose 11%. If the billions that went into stock market speculation had been used instead to increase wages, this would have given consumers more spending power. Source F: An American historian’s view of the American economy in the 1920s. In the USA, too much wealth had fallen into too few hands, with the result that consumers were unable to buy all the goods produced. The trouble came to a head mainly because of the easy credit policies of the Federal Reserve Board, which favoured the rich. Its effects were so profound and so prolonged because the government did not fully understand what was happening or what to do about it. a) Study Source A Why did Herbert Hoover give this speech? Explain your answer using source details and your contextual knowledge. [6] b) Study Source B The source is about the expansion of production in consumer goods in USA in the 1920s. Is it useless in showing the reasons for the Great Depression? Explain your answer. . [6] c) Study Sources A, E and F “The collapse of the economy was caused mainly by the American government.” How far do the sources support this view? Explain your answer. [8]

4 SECTION B (25 marks) Answer both parts of the question below 2 This question is about the factors that account for the success of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution and the impact of Stalin’s rule on the USSR a) Why were the Bolsheviks able to seize power in October 1917? Explain your answer. [12] b) “Stalin’s rule was a mistake for the USSR.” How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [13] END OF PAPER NYGH gratefully acknowledges the following for the use of the sources in Question 1 Source A: http://livefromthetrail.com/about-the-book/speeches/chapter-5/herbert-hoover Source B: Modern World History GCSE Key Stage 4, Collins Educational, UK, 2001 Source C: Waugh, Steven, Essential Modern World History, Nelson Thornes Ltd, UK, 2001. Source D: www.johnclare.net Source E : Mantin, Peter, The USA 1919-1941, Hodder and Stoughton, England, 2002. Source F : Lowe, Norman, Mastering Modern World History, Palgrave, England, 1997.