NYGH 2015-S3MYE-Adv Hist

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Do not turn over the page until you are told to do so. Write your name, register number and class in the spaces provided on the paper. Write in dark blue or black ink on both sides of the paper. Section A : (20 marks) Answer ALL the questions. Section B : (20 marks) Answer question 2. Begin each section on a fresh page. Leave a line between each part. For example, leave one line between (a) and part (b). At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Setter: ONGLH This document consists of 5 printed pages. [Turn over Register Number: Name: Class: 南洋女子中学校 NANYANG GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL MID-YEAR-EXAMINATION 2015 SECONDARY THREE ADVANCED HISTORY Modern World History 1 hr 40 min MONDAY 11 May 2015 0830-1010

2 Section A Source-Based Questions Answer all parts of Question 1 In answering the questions you should use your knowledge and understanding of the period to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. You must use the sources to which you are specifically directed, but you may use any of the other sources where they are helpful. 1. How successful was Stalin’s policy of collectivisation? Source A: A French cartoon published in the 1930s showing the Soviet collectivised farm. The cartoon is titled “All is well in the land of the Soviets”. Farm burning Man in tattered clothing

3 Source B: Writing by Robert Service, a historian, on the effects of collectivisation. Yet Stalin could draw up a balance sheet that, from his standpoint, was favourable. From collectivisation, he acquired a reservoir of terrified peasants who would supply him with cheap industrial labour. He secured the ability to export soviet raw materials in order to pay for imports of industrial machinery. Above all, he put an end to the recurrent crisies faced by the state in relation to urban food supplies as the state’s grain collections rose from 10.8 million tons in 1928-1929 to 22.8 million tons in 1931-1932. Source C : Writing by J.N. Westwood in his book Russia 1917 to 1964. The chaos of collectivisation - peasant resistance, lack of machinery, no clear idea of how the farms were to be organized – led naturally to poor harvests. Nevertheless, all grains in the area were collected by force and taken to the towns to be exported. About 10 to 15 million people died in the 1932-34 famine. It has been alleged, probably with some truth, that the famine was not unwelcome to Stalin; it was an effective way to break peasant resistance. The long term effects of forced collectivisation was just as serious. The collectives were managed by Party officials who had little knowledge of farming. There were not enough tractors in the regional Motor Tractor Stations which were supposed to modernize farming techniques. The number of cattle, horses and pigs in the country was halved by the slaughter which accompanied collectivisation. Source D: A popular song sung by the people in Russia in the 1930s. Stalin stands on a coffin Gnawing meat from a cat’s bones Well, Soviet cows Are such disgusting creatures How the collective farm had become prosperous There used to be thirty-three farms And now there are five We fulfilled the Five Year Plan And are eating well We ate all the horses And are now chasing the dogs O commune, O commune You commune of Satan You seized everything All in the Soviet cause

4 Source E: A description of how the kulaks were treated during the collectivisation period, published in Famine in Russia in 1975. So one family was deported because he owned a cow and half; another because its mare had a foal; another because a woman helped a relative with the harvest. A peasant with eight acres was forced to clear the railway lines of snow. On his return, he found all his property seized apart from a kettle, a saucer and a spoon. He was then sent lumbering in the far North. In some villages, a Party activist would arrive from the city, point a pistol, and say that any peasant who refused to join a kolkhoz would be sent immediately to Siberia. a) Study Source A. What is the message of the cartoon? Explain your answer. [6] b) Study Source B. Can you accept what the historian says about the effects of collectivisation? Explain your answer. [7] c) Study Source D. How useful is this source as evidence that the collectivisation policy had failed? Explain your answer. [7]

5 Section B Essay Questions Answer the following question. 2. This question is about the Great Leap Forward in China from 1958-1961. a) Why did the Great Leap Forward fail in China? Explain your answer. [20] END OF PAPER NYGH gratefully acknowledges the following for the use of the sources in Question 1: Source A: https://wolfsonianfiulibrary.wordpress.com/2013/03/20/history-repeats-communist-and-anti-communist-propaganda-from-the-wolfsonian-library/ Source B: Fiehn, T & Corin, Chris. Communist Russia: Under Lenin and Stalin. London: John Murray Publishers Source C: Westwood, J.N. Russia 1917-1964. New York: Harper & Row Source D: Evans, David & Jenkins, Jane. Years of Russia and the USSR. Great Britian: Hodder & Stoughton Source E: Harriet Ward, World Powers in the Twentieth Century. London: Associated Press