P1 JPJC 2019 COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM IN EASTERN EUROPE 1989

1 Name:__________________________________________Class:_____________ JURONG PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGEJC2 Preliminary Examination 2019HISTORY9752/01Higher 224 September 2019Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945 – 2000)3 hoursAdditional materials:Writing PaperREAD THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTFor Candidate’sUseFor Examiner’s UseQuestionNumberMarksObtained1(a)/101(b)/30/30/30Total/100 Write your name and civics class on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.Section AAnswer Question 1. Section BAnswer two questions.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.You are reminded of the need for grammatically correct English and clear presentation in your answers.This document consists of 5 printed pages.[Turn over

2 Section AYou must answer Question 1.THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM IN EASTERN EUROPE, 1989Source AAnd now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it?General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalisation: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!Speech by Ronald Reagan in West Berlin, 12 June 1987.Source BToday we rejoice in the demise of the Berlin Wall that was permanently breached just one year ago. A new Soviet leader appeared on the scene, untainted by the past, unwilling to be shackled by crumbling orthodoxies. With the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev came the end of numbing oppression. Glasnost introduced openness to the world's most closed society. Perestroika held out the promise of a better life, achieved through democratic institutions and a market economy. And real arms control came to pass, as an entire class of weapons was eliminated for the first time in the atomic age.Within months the Soviet Empire began to melt like a snowbank in May. One country after another overthrew the privileged cliques that had bled their economies and curbed their freedoms. Last month Germany itself was reunited, in the shadow of “The Brandenburg Gate” and under the democratic umbrella of NATO. Back in June 1987 I stood in the free city of West Berlin and asked Mr. Gorbachev to tear down the wall.Was he listening? Whether he was, or not, neither he nor the rulers of Eastern Europe could ignore the much loude