P1 NJC 2019 END OF THE COLD WAR

1 NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE 2019 SH2 Preliminary Examination HIGHER 2 HISTORY 9752/01 Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945 -2000) 27 August 2019 3 Hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and registration number on the question paper and in the space provided on the Answer Booklet. Write ONLY in dark blue or black ink. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Write your answers on the Answer Booklet(s) provided. Start each question on a fresh page, and label your answers clearly according to the question number. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This question paper consists of 5 printed pages

2 Section A THE END OF THE COLD WAR 1. Read the sources and answer the questions which follow. Source A When I agreed to assume the office of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee, I realized that we could no longer live as before. Those who were then governing the country knew what was really happening to it. They saw that our society was running the risk of falling hopelessly behind the technologically advanced part of the world. Total domination of centrally-managed state property, militarized industries that drained off our best, and the unbearable burden of military expenditures. As a result, one of the richest countries in the world was already sliding downwards. As for the foreign policy aspect, both the East and the West were constrained by the logic of military confrontation, wearing themselves down more and more by the arms race. [So] we proposed a different policy. We proposed New Thinking in foreign policy. Gorbachev's Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, delivered on 5 June 1991. Source B I intend to remind them that it was the West which now proposes a 50 percent cut in strategic ballistic missiles and the elimination of an entire class of land-based, intermediate-range nuclear missiles. At the same time, [the Soviets] must be made to understand: we will never compromise our principles and standards [or] give away our freedom. And we will never stop searching for a genuine peace, but we can assure none of these things America stands for through the so-called nuclear freeze solutions proposed by some. The truth is that a freeze now would be a very dangerous fraud, for that is merely the illusion of peace. The reality is that we must find peace through strength. I would agree to a freeze if only we could freeze the Soviets’ global desires. I urge you to beware the temptation label[ling] both sides equally at fault, to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire, to simply