P1 YIJC 2019 END OF THE COLD WAR

©YIJC [Turn over YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGEJC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONHigher 2CANDIDATENAME CG INDEX NO HISTORYPaper 1: Shaping the International Order (1945-2000)Additional Materials: Writing paper & cover sheet9752/014 September 20193 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTWrite your name, class, and question number on the cover page and writing paper provided.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tapeSection AAnswer Question 1.Section BAnswer two QuestionsAt the end of the examination, please fasten all your work securely together with a cover sheet on top. Secure your work with the string provided.The number of marks is given in the brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.This document consists of 5 printed pages and 1 blank page.

2 ©YIJC [Turn over Section AYou must answer Question 1. THE END OF THE COLD WAR1Read the sources and answer the questions which follow:Source AThe one-time movie actor accomplished something no one had been able to do. He won the Cold War—without firing a shot. When Reagan took office in 1980, the world had existed for decades under the threat of nuclear holocaust between communism and democracy. The two superpowers had steadily growing arsenals of incredible destructive power. Early on in his presidency, Reagan moved to hone the nation’s defenses to razor edge. That military buildup, together with spending billions on the so-called “Star Wars” defense program, forced the Soviets into a more heated effort to stay ahead of the United States in the arms race. Reagan’s continuing military buildup sowed the seeds of the ultimate end of communism in the Soviet Union and also the Cold War. As it turned out, Russia lost, bankrupting itself in the process. The spending exposed the many cracks in the Soviet Union’s monolithic tyranny and led ultimately to its total collapse. Was it worth it? Of course. It must be.Extract from a conservative newspaper in the USA, August 1992. Source BNuclear disarmament is to make strategic defence real for all citizens of planet Earth. Let us speak of our deepest longing for the future: to leave our children a land that is free and just and a world at peace. It is my hope that our fireside summit in Geneva and Mr Gorbachev’s upcoming visit to America can lead to a more stable relationship. But we cannot stroll into the future with childlike faith. Our differences with the Soviet system that openly proclaims and practices an alleged right to command people’s lives and to export its ideology by force are deep and abiding. However, logic and history compel us to attempt to ease these tensions for the sake of humanity. Our negotiators in Geneva have proposed a radical cut in offensive forces by each side with no cheating. They have made clear that Soviet compliance with the letter and