P1 TJC 2019 END OF THE COLD WAR

Temasek Junior College 2019 9752/01/S/2019 [Turn over TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGEJC2 Preliminary ExaminationsHIGHER 2HISTORY 9752/01Paper 1 Shaping the International Order (1945-2000) 28 August 2019 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your centre number, index number, name and CG on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section AAnswer Question 1.Section BAnswer two questions.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together with the cover sheet on top.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

2 Temasek Junior College 2019 9752/01/S/2019 SECTION AYou must answer Question 1.THE END OF THE COLD WAR1Read the sources and then answer the questions which follow.Source AWhat held the two sides back from a ‘hot’ war throughout the Cold War, was the certain knowledge that the enemy had the weapons to mount a devastating counteroffensive. … Yet, no serious attempt was made to end the Cold War. At best, the leaders strove to lessen the dangers. … The Cold War therefore seemed a permanent feature of global politics, and pacifists and anti-nuclear campaigners seemed entirely lacking in realism.Things changed sharply in March 1985 when Mikhail Gorbachev became Soviet General Secretary and formed a partnership for peace with Ronald Reagan. Not long before becoming President in January 1981, Reagan was shocked to hear that America had no defence against a nuclear attack. Wanting to end the arms race, he called for a reduction in the stocks of atomic weapons held by both superpowers. Gorbachev echoed his appeals to eliminate all nuclear weaponry. … A serious meeting of minds occurred as General Secretary and President directed their administrations towards cooperation in reducing the number of nuclear missiles. As a result, in 1987 – 1990 alone, against every expectation, the superpowers signed agreements on intermediate-range and strategic nuclear weapons, on Afghanistan, on conventional forces and on German reunification. From a book published in 2015.Source BStudents, your parents and grandparents have lived through a world war and helped America to rebuild the world. They witnessed the drama of post-war nations divided by Soviet subversion and force, but sustained by an allied response most vividly seen in the Berlin Airlift. Wise men – Truman and Eisenhower, […], Marshall, Acheson and Kennan – crafted the strategy of containment. They believed that the Soviet Union, d