2012_RVHS_HIST_H1H2_P1

This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over HISTORY Paper 1 International History, 1945 - 2000 9731 10 September 2012 3 hours No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work for each section securely. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL YEAR 6 Preliminary Examinations in preparation for General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 Name: ____________________________ Class:________

© RVHS Preliminary Exam 2012 Section A You must answer Question 1. UN Peacekeeping and the United States 1) Read the sources and answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1, candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A “The doctrines of both the United States and the Un ited Nations were also clearly affected. President Clinton issued a policy directive in April 1994, shortly after U.S. forces left Somalia, that implied a sharp curtailment of American involvement in future armed humanitarian interventions and that marked a retreat from his administration's earlier rhetoric of assertive multilateralism. Similarly, in the 1995 (second) edition of An Agenda for Peace , the fundamental policy document on U.N. peacekeeping, Secretary -General Boutros Boutros-Ghali expressed less optimism about the possibilities for intervention than he did in the 1992 (first) edition, largely because of the United Nations' searing experience in Somalia. Continuing efforts by congressmen to cut or restrict U.S. contributions to U.N. peacekeeping ar e also a direct response to the perceived failures in Somalia.” Walter Clarke, former Deputy Chief of Mission, US Embassy, Somalia, 1996 Source B “France’s objective interests in Haiti were modest. Not surprisingly, as a result, the attention of its government to the Haitian crisis waxed and waned. In some countries, the national interest in Haiti was both constant and substantively consistent. For example, Canada saw in the Haiti crisis a critical test case for the Santiago Declaration and for a new d emocratic order in the Western hemisphere. It also saw in the crisis an opportunity to play a leading international role in a regional arena where it could do so, and a leadership role in keeping with its new membership in the Organization of American States… Under [Venezuelan President Rafael] Caldera, th